NATURAL SCIENCES OF PHILADELPHIA. 
215 
ers of pits. In view of the great promise of a region so near to Philadelphia, 
it is important that measures shall be taken to awaken in the minds of pro- 
prietors and workmen an interest in the preservation of specimens for the cab- 
inet of the Academy. 
It may be observed, upon inspection of the geological map of New Jersey, that 
aline drawn from the recent opening on Mr. Hopkins' farm, southwesterly in the 
direction of the exposure of the green sand formation, passes several miles west- 
ward of the green marl pits which were visited as just narrated. The marl at Mr. 
Hopkins' is, when in the pit, dark blue approaching black, micaceous, stiff, and 
tenacious. Upon free exposure to the air, it becomes, after a week or two, light 
bluish gray in color, and then it crumbles easily. From its not being consider- 
ed as good a fertilizer as the green marl, it has been rarely dug, of late, in that 
part of the country; and hence there is not an opportunity for collecting fossils, 
such as is furnished by the pits in the green marl. The latter deposit is more sea- 
ward ; and hence a diminished probability of finding in it the remains of ani- 
mals which lived upon land, or in the freshwater tributaries of the old ocean. 
Of the two exogyra presented on behalf of Mr. Robert Hare Powel, the smaller 
was dug, a number of years since, from Mr. Hopkins' farm. The larger, 
showing a curious peculiarity of growth, was taken more recently from a small 
excavation in Mr. Powel's ground, between Mr. Hopkins' and the main street. 
The diagram upon the table would make clear to the members the principal lo- 
calities which had been mentioned. 
The hard stone containing casts of shells, apparently belonging to the tertiary 
period, was found at about five miles south-eastward of Allowaystown ; and was 
presented in behalf of Mr. Isaac H. Wood, of Haddonfield. 
The sandstones on the table were not new nor rare; but they afford very 
good examples of the mode in which sand and gravel are converted into hard 
stone by a ferruginous cement. The specimens show interesting gradations of 
fineness, compactness and hardness. They came from the superficial deposit near 
Mr. A. Cooper's marl pit, where they lay loosely embedded. Similar stones are 
used in the neighborhood for coarse building purpoees. 
The bones found by Mr. Foulke, had been submitted by him to Dr. Leidy, for 
description ; the shells, to Mr. Lea; and the wood to Dr. Hammond. As these 
gentlemen were prepared to report the results of their inspection, Mr. Foulke 
restricted himself to the simple introductory narrative of facts just given ; resfr- 
ving to a future occasion some observations which had occurred to him respect- 
ing the succession of cretaceous deposits in New Jersey, and the relations of 
and and sea during the cretaceous period. 
Dr. Leidy stated that the bones, mentioned in the remarks of ^Ir. Foulke, ob- 
tained from the marl of Mr. Hopkins' farm, near Haddonfield, New Jersey, and 
now exposed to the view of the Society, were those of a huge herbivorous saurian. 
The animal was closely allied to the great extinct Ignanodon of the Wealden 
and Lower Greensand deposits of Europe ; the genus is, however, different, and 
for it the name of Hadrosaurus is proposed. 
Besides a number of small fragments, the bones consist of twenty-eight' 
vertebrae, mostly with their processes broken away; a humerus, a radius and an 
ulna, complete ; an ilium and a pubic bone, imperfect; a femur, a tibia and a 
fibula; two metatarsal bones and a first phalanx, complete. There are also in 
the collection nine teeth and a small fragment of the lower jaw. 
The bones are ebony black, from the infiltration of iron, and are exceedingly 
heavy. Their texture is firm and well preserved ; and they are neither crushed 
nor water rolled. In association with them, besides the shells and wood, were 
found several teeth of Odontaspis and Enchodus. 
Most of the specimens of teeth of the i7^^/(/ro5f?«rz/s appear to have belonged' 
to the lower jaw. These, when unworn and perfect, are about two inches long, 
and of all known teeth most resemble those of the Ignanodon. They have a 
demi-conoidal crown, with a lozenge-shaped enamel surface directed inwardly, 
and divided by a prominent median carina. The upper borders of this surface • 
1858.] 
