May 12, tgop.] 
FOREST AND. STREAM. 
371 
measure of the intelligence of the ^verage dog in one 
direction at least. A bright little child of eighteen months 
was left in the room with me. She wanted to go to her 
"mama" in the adjoining room. The door was shut. The 
child stood at the door. whining and fretting, and kept 
trying again and again to put its fingers into the crevice of 
the door to open it. What I noticed particularly was 
that she continued to try to put her tiny fingers into the 
crevice at the front edge of the door ; never once at the 
back edge. This proves that she had observed that the 
door opened only at that side. But her reason Avas not 
sttfficiently developed to show her that she could not pos- 
sibly get her fingers into the narrow crevice of the door, 
even after many repeated efforts. Now, I have known a 
dog to act in precisely the same way. Being shut up 
alone in a room I have known him to whine and scratch 
and keep on whining and scratching, trying to put his paw 
into the crack of the door, even after he ought to have 
known better. Just like the baby girl, he knew enough 
to know that the door opened at the front edge, and not 
at the back; and while he scratched the paint off and 
■scored the wood with his nails in his efforts to get out. yet 
he had not once tried to open the door at the back. Both 
the child and the dog attempted to do the same thing in the 
same way ; they showed the exercise of the same powers 
.of observation and meaning, and the same limitation of the 
reasoning faculties. And so it occurred to me that the 
intellect of the average dog was about equal to that of a 
child of eighteen months. The child, however, very soon 
learned that she could not open the door in that way ; the 
dog, if he lived to be twenty years old, would never learn 
any better. A vast differentiation again. ■ 
T. J. Chapman. 
Ingram, Pa. 
Yachting Fixtures, t900. 
Secretaries and members of race committees will confer a favor 
by sending notice of errors or omissions in the following' list and 
also of changes which may be made in the future. 
MAY. 
19. Huguenot, special, New Rochelle, Long Island Sound. 
19. Royal St. Lawrence, 17ft. class, Dorval, Lake St. Louis. 
!H. Lake Sailing Skiff Ass'n, Kitely Cup, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
24. Royal St. Lawrence, 22£t. cruising and 5-rater classes, Dorva!, 
Lake St. Louis. 
TS. Royal St. Lawrence, 5-ratcr and 17ft. classes. Dorval, Lake 
St. Louis. 
26. New Rochelle. special, New Rochelle, Long Island Sound. 
26. Queen City, 20ft. class, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
30. California, annual, San Francisco, San Francisco Bay. 
30. South Boston, open. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
30. Harlem, annual. City Island, Long Island Sound. 
30. Bridgeport, special, Bridgeport, Long Island Sound. 
30. Indian Harbor, spring, Greenwich, Long Island Sound. 
30. Oregon, opening, Portland, Columbia River. 
30. Atlantic, opening. Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
30. Corinthian, Baltimore, opening race, Chesapeake Bay. 
JUNE. 
3. Royal St. Lawrence, 5-rater, 22ft and 17ft classes, Dorval, Lake 
St. Louis. 
2. Knickerbocker, annual, College Point, Long Island Sound. 
2. Hull-Massachusetts, club. Hull, Boston Harbor, 
2. Queen City, 22ft. knockatiout clas.s, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
3. Hudson River, spring, open. New York, Hudson River. 
9. Manhasset, annual. Port Washington, Long Island Sound. 
.9. JRoyal St. Lawrence, 22ft. cruising, 5-rater, 22ft. and 17ft., Valois. 
Lake St. Louis. 
9. Canarsie, first championship, Canarsie, Jamaica Bar. 
9. Queen City, 17ft. class, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
9. Atlantic, special. Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
11. Atlantic, special. Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
12. Atlantic, annual, Sea Gate, New Y"ork Bay. 
12. Atlantic, annual, Sea Gate, New \''ork Bay. 
14. New York, annual. New York Bay. 
16-17. New Bedford, annual cruise, Buzzards Bay. 
16. California, Wallace troph}^ San Francisco, San Francisco Bay. 
16. Larchmont. spring, open, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
16. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull. Boston Harbor. 
16. Royal St. Lawrence, 22ft. cruising, 5-rater, 22ft. and 17ft. 
classes, Pointe Claire. 
16. Queen City, 16ft. class, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
18. flull-Massachusetts. 
18. Quincy, handicap, Ouincy, Boston Harbor. 
19. New York, Glen Cove cups, Long Island Sound. 
23. Seawanhaka Corinthian, annual. Oyster Bay, L. I, Sound. 
25. Royal St. Lawrence, 5-rater, 17ft. and ainghy classes, Dorval, 
Lake St. Louis. 
23. Queen City, Dodd cup, 20ft. special class, Toronto, Toronto 
Bay. 
30. New Rochelle, annual. New Rochelle, Long Island Sound. 
30. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
30. Queen City, cruising race, Toronto, Lake Ontario. 
30. Royal St. Lawrence, cruise to Carillon, Lake St. Louis. 
30-July 1. California, cruise to Paradise Cove. 
JULY. 
2. Stamford, annual, Stamford, Long Island Sound. 
2. Mosquito Fleet. Citv Point, Boston Harbor. . 
2-3-4. White Bear, Seawanhaka cup trials, White Bear Lake, ^hnn. 
3. Columbia (Boston), open, Boston Harbor. 
3. Royal St. Lawrence, Sir Donald A. Smith cup. yarhts over 
25ft., Lake St Lotus. 
3. American, annual, Milton Point, Long Island Sound 
4. Larchmont, annual, Larchmont, Long Island Sound, 
4. Columbia, annual, open. Chicago, Lake Michigan 
4. Boston City, open. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
4. California, special, San Francisco, SSn Francisco Bay. 
4. Ouincy, handicap, Ouincy, Boston Harbor. 
4. Hartford, annual. 
5. Indian .Harbor, special, Greenwich, Long Island Sound. 
6. Harlem, special, Citv Island. Long Island Sound. 
7. Royal St. Lawrence', 22ft. cruising, 5-rater, 17ft. and dinghy 
classes, Valois, Lake St. Louis. 
7. Riverside, annual. Riverside. Long Island Sound. 
7. Hull-Massachusetts, club. Hull. Boston Harbor. 
7. Queen City, Smith cup. 16ft. class, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
7- 14. Atlantic, .annual cruise, Long Island Sound. 
3j2-13-14. New York, Newport series, Newport, off Brenton s Ret-f. 
14. Sea Cliff, annual. Glen Cove, Long Island Sound. 
14. Bridgeport, .innual. Bridgeport. Long Island Sound. » 
14. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
14. Royal St. Lawrence, 22ft. cruising, 5-rater, 20ft., Hit. and 
dinghy classes, Beaurepaire, Lake St. Louis. 
14. Queen Citv, Tupper cup, 22ft. class, Toronto, Toronto Ray. 
14-15. California, annual cruise. Sacramento River. 
16-17-18. Quincv, challenge cup, Quincy, Boston Harbor. 
21. Queen City, World cup. 17ft. special class, Toronto, Tofbnlo 
Bav. " ' 
•21. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
21. Canarsie, open, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay. 
21. Stamford Corinthian, annual; Stamford. Long Island Sound. 
21. MoS'quito Fleet, club handicap. City Point, Boston Harbor 
21-23-24. Royal St. Lawrence, Seawanhaka cup trials, Pointe Claire, 
Lake St. Louis. , , r~ ■, 
21-28. Larchmont. race week. Larchmont. Long Island Sound. 
2". California, return from Sacramento River. 
26. Burgess, Marblehead. Massachusetts Bay. 
27. Manchester Crownhurst. cuo. Manchester, Massachusetts Bay. 
28. Roval St. Lawrence, 22 and 17ft. classes, Dorval, Lake St. Louis. 
2S. Tubilee. open, Beverb', Massachnsetts Bav. 
28, Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
28 . Queen Citys skiflF classes. Toronto. Toronto Bar. 
AXSGVST. 
8- +*. Roya! St Lawrence, Seaw.^haka cup_ matphes, Pcinte 
Clsire. Late St. Louis. 
4. Quincv; handicap, Quincy, Boston Harbor. 
4. Mosqtiito Fleet, club handicap, City Point, Boston Harbor. 
4, Indian Harbor, annual. Greenwich, Long Island Sound. 
4. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
4. Queen City, cruising race, Toronto, Lake Ontario. 
!5. New York, rendezvous. 
ti-16. New York, annual cruise. Long Island Sound. 
7. Manchester, Manchester, Massachusetts Bay. 
7. Lake Champlain^ annual, Burlington, Lake Champlain, 
S-11. Corinthian midsummer series, Marblehead, Mass. Bay. 
11, Hempstead llarbor, annual, Hempstead Harbor, L. I. Sound. 
11. California, cruise to Angel Island and return, San Francisco, 
San Francisco Bay. 
11. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
11. Royal St. Lawrence, open, Valois, Lake St. Louis. 
11. Queen City, 16ft. class. Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
14. American, open, Newburyport. 
15-17. Hull-Massachusetts, midsummer series, 25ft. class, Boston 
Harbor. 
17-18. Annisquam, open, Annisquam. 
18. Mosquito Fleet, club handicap. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
18. Royal St. Lawrence. Hamilton trophy, 22, 20 and 17ft. classes, 
Pointe Claire, Lake .St, Louis, 
18. Horseshoe Harbor, annual, Larchmont. Long Island Sound. 
15. Canarsie. Corinthian race, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay, 
18. Quen City, 20£t. class special, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
19. Hudson River, ladies' day. New York, Hudson River. 
20. East Gloucester, open, Gloucester. 
23. Plymouth, ooen, Plvmouth Harbor. 
24-25. Inland Lake, Lake Geneva. 111. 
25. Royal St. Lawrence, Lake of Two Mountains regatta. 
25. Duxbury, open, Duxbury, Mass. 
25. Nahant, dory class, Nahant, Massachusetts BSy._ 
25, Huguenot, annual. New Rochelle, Long Island Sound. 
25. Manhasset, special. Port Washington, Long Island Sound. 
25. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
25. Queen City, 17ft. special, Toronto, Toronto Bay. 
27. Cape Cod, open, Provincetown, Mass, 
28. Wellfleet, open, Wellfleet, Mass. 
SEPTEMBER. 
L Quincy, open and club handicap, Quincy, Boston Harbor. 
1. Mosquito Fleet, club handicap. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
1. Indian Harbor, fall regatta, Greenwich, Long Island Sound. 
1. Hartford, special. 
1. Larchmont, special classes, Larchniont, Long Island Sound. 
1. Hudson River, fall cruise. New lork, Hudson River. 
1. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Boston Harbor. 
1. Queen City, cruising race, Toronto, Lake Ontario. 
3. Larchmont, fall regatta, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
3. Quincy, handicap, Quincy, Boston Harbor. 
3. Nahant, dory class, Nahant. Massachusetts Bay. 
3. Sachem's Head, annual. Sachem's Head, Conn. ; L. I. Sound. 
3. Norwaik, annual, Long Island Sound. 
3. Canarsie, ladies' race, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay. 
8-10. California, cruise to Suisun, San Francesco Bay. 
8. Hull-Massachusetts, invitation race, Hull, Boston Harbor. 
8, Seawanhaka Corinthian, fall regatta. Oyster Ba}% L. I. Sound. 
.8. Larchmont, schooner cup, Larchmontj Long Island Sound. 
8. Oueen City. 22ft. knockabout class, I oronto, Toronto Bay. 
'11- f5ew York, fall sweepstakes. New York, off Sandy Hook. 
15. Manhasset, closing race. Port Washington, Long Island Sound. 
22-23. California, cruise to Martinez, San Francisco, San Francisco 
Bay. 
22. Rivtia.de, fall regatta. Riverside, Long Island .Sound. 
22. Canarsie, Commodore's cups, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay. 
From all that can be learned there was the mere shadow 
of truth in the recent reports of positive plans on the part 
of Sir Thomas Lipton for a challenge next year, and 
thus far nothing has been done except by Mr. Fife, Avho, 
having recovered his health, is busy over the question of 
, possible improvements over Shamrock. It is certain that 
up to the present time Sir Thomas Lipton has made no 
arrangements with Mr. Watson for a second boat for igoi. 
The Glasgow yachtsmen are all deeply interested in the 
success of the Glasgow Exhibition next year, and they are 
specially anxious that the Cup challenge shall be post- 
poned. Sir Thomas Lipton is now in the Mediterranean, 
interested in other matters,- but on his return the com- 
mittee will confer with him over his plans with a view to 
bringing the racing to the Clyde in 1901. We learn from 
various sources little or less reliable that Mr. Herreshoff 
is now experimenting with models for a new defender, 
that the new boat will be built by a sjmdicate of Newport 
yachtsmen, including Messrs. Whitney, Vanderbilt, Dur- 
yea and others, and also that the honor of spending up- 
ward of a million in a new defense of the Cup will be 
accorded to that one owner who shall prove most success- 
ful in the new 70ft. l.w.l. class. 
A RUMOR has been started lately to the effect that the 
owners of the new 70-footers will be prosecuted under the 
contract labor law for employing English skippers and 
crews. Thus far the whole thing seems to be a matter 
of conjecture, and it is unlikely that anything will come 
of it. ' 
Thf. negotiations between some New York yachtsmen, 
represented by Mr. Barbey, of A. Cary Smith & Barbey, 
and Mr. Piepgrass, for the purchase of the City Island 
Yard are now off, and it is probable that nothing more 
will be done. There is still a question of the title, in 
spite of the long suits and the monej- which Mr. Piepgrass 
has spent to make it good. 
\h the early days ot yachtmg about New York there 
were many acres of shoal water, then useless for com- 
mercial purposes, "which gave free shelter to yachtsmen. 
One favorite place, the real cradle of New York yachting, 
was off the Elysian Fields, between Hoboken and Wee- 
hawken, close to the Stevens estate, where the first yachts 
of the New York Y. C. found a safe anchorage, and the 
first house of the club was built. Another rendezvous 
was the "foot o' Court street" in South Brooklyn, 
Gowanus Cove, in the neighborhood of Penny Bridge. A 
third location was on the Jersey shore, all the way from 
The Communipaw section of Jersey City to Constable's 
Hook, at the entrance to the Kill von Kull. Protected 
from the invasions of commerce by several miles of shoal 
water and the outlying islands and reefs, this beautiful 
shore was once a little paradise for yachtsmen. The 
homes of the Ellsworth and Van Buskirk families were 
on the Hook and at Baj^onne. A little further up at 
Pamrapo lived old Capt. Bob Fish, and Pat McGieghan's 
yard was near by: Mr. A. Cary Smith has also lived for 
many years in Pamrapo. In addition to its designers and 
builders, the New York Bay shore of the Bayonne 
peninsula was the home of many dubs — the Jersey City, 
one of the oldest next to the New York, being located 
at Communipaw, with the Pavonia, Oceanic, Greenville 
and others. 
The old anchorage at Weehawken disappeared some 
years ago before the march of improvements in the shape 
of coal wharves, ferry slips, etc., the New Jersey Y. C, 
located in the old home of the New York Y. C. being 
wiped out by the lack of a station. Similarly the 
Gowanus flats have disappeared, giving place to half-made 
streets and submerged lots, and all yaditing has been 
driven away, first to Bay Ridge and then to the Sound 
or the Lower Bay. The clubs along the lower Jersey 
shore have watched anxiously the cutting off by the rail- 
roads of the approaches to their houses and the partial 
.spoiling of their course by various docks and similar 
improvements, but they still felt secure of their stations 
for some time to come. Within the past few weeks all 
of them— the Jersey City, Pavonia, New York Bay and 
Greenville — have received notice to vacate, as- the upland 
and the lands under water for a long distance out will 
at once be used by the New Jersey Central and the 
Pennsylvania railroads, being filled in for freight yards, 
docks, etc. The small part of New York Bay shore in 
Bayonne near Contsable's Hook that is still free is 
doomed to a similar fate at an early day. What will 
become of these clubs is as yet uncertain, as there is no 
convenient place left for them except on Newark 6ay. 
According to a reported interview by the New York 
Times with Capt. Robert Wringe, who is now in this 
country as skipper of Vice-Com. Belmont's new Mineola 
II., Shamrock suffered severely in strong winds from the 
stretching of gear, and in particular the buckling of her 
spars, her sails being thus spoiled. This statement coin- 
cides with the criticism of the Forest and Stream at the 
time of the races, when so many alleged authorities were 
discoursing learnedly about the "bull-dog" model and 
similar absurdities. Whatever the defects of Shamrock's 
model, the weakness of the rig in strong winds, as shown 
in the final race, was of itself an inevitable cause of 
defeat. 
The list of fixtures which we publish this week is still 
far from complete, as some dates are not yet arranged 
and som.e clubs have not reported. As it stands, however, 
it indicates a large amount of yacht racing, covering a 
very extensive area, and well distributed over the coast 
and inland waters. The inland events as a rule are not 
yet included, but there will be a great deal of very keen 
racing on fresh water, especially in the general vicinity 
of Chicago, St. Paul and Minneapolis. Outside of the 
list of fixtures, which is but the skeleton of racing, the 
indications all point to a very active and exciting season. 
As is always the case, the great international match of 
last year acted as a damper on the general building and 
racing of the medium and smaller classes, and this 3'ear 
a strong reaction may be looked for. While the 90- 
footers will not fit out, the larger division of the fleet will 
be greatly strengthened by the new 70-ft. l.w.l. one-design 
class, and the 65-ft. Hnear racing class of imported cut- 
ters. Queen Mab, Isolde 'and .Kstrild. The 51ft. class 
will also be stronger than ever before, with the addition 
of the two new keel boats Altair and Sirocco and the 
centerboard Hussar IT. Though there are no additions 
to the schooner class, the alterations to Amorita and 
Quisetta promise a hot duel between the two. In the 
small classes throughout the country there will be a 
great deal of racing, mainly on the part of the two popular 
types of Skow and the knockabout. The former now has 
full swing in the races for the Quincy challenge cup, 
Avhich has become a keen competition as to who can 
build the most useless machine. In the Seawanhaka 
cup matches the new regulations promise not only a bet- 
ter model but a stronger and more durable boat. 
An important movement is now on foot about New 
York to secure the aid of Congress in opening a channel 
from the head of Jones' Inlet to the deep water of the 
Great South Bay west of Babylon, L. I. It is proposed 
to dredge the present shoal channel to a depth of loft, 
and a breadth of 200ft., which can be done at a moderate 
expense. The improvement, if made, will not only be 
of great commercial advantage to the towns on the South 
Bay, but will open these waters to all yachts of moderate 
draft. The distance to New York will be shortened by 
about fifteen miles. A petition to Congress is now being 
circulated. 
The Quincy Y. C. has received a second challenge for 
its cup from John S. Lawrence, Harvard Y. C, who 
will build a scow for the races. 
Protection and Salvation. 
Apropos of our comments last week on the Marine 
Journal's obituary of the late Capt. Codman, our atten- 
tion has been called to the following from the^ New York 
Times of April 17. We quite agree with the final conclu- 
sion as to the probable distress of the Marine Journal. 
Among the m.any reasons for regretting the death of 
Capt. John Codman is the fact that he cannot reply to a 
■paragraph about him and his work as an advocate of free 
"ships that appears in the current number of the Marine 
Journal. Of course, it is not an unkind paragraph, and it 
admits with cordiality that all the Captain wrote or said 
on his pet topic was thoroughly conscientious, but. there 
is in it an unproved and unprovable assum.ption that the 
ancient mariner was vastly less well informed than sincere 
— in other words, that out of ignorance he had year after 
year preached false economic doctrines to the American 
people. Here are a few of the Marine Journal's asser- 
tions : "After eighty-six years, a large part of which was 
spent on the wrong side of the shipping question. Capt. 
John Codman has paid his last debt, and, we hope, has 
gone where everything is as free as he would have had 
ships during his lifetime. There is no man in the United 
States who has blocked the progress of the advancement 
of the merchant marine in the foreign carrying trade more 
effectually for half a century than John Codman." And 
this is the conclusion: "Let us hope that this misguided 
mariner in his endeavor to kill protection on all Amer- 
ican industries during his natural life did not prejudice 
his chances in the hereafter." The letter which the old 
Captain would have written to the Times after reading 
those remarks would have been a valuable contribution to 
controversial literature. Old as he was, it would have 
lacked neither vigor nor humor, and the Marine Journal, 
later, as it labored through the heavy sea of his arguments, 
would also have presented an interesting <ppctacTe. 
The Forest aot Sts2.a.k ss put to press each week o« TnAdaj. 
Correspondence intended for publication should reach us at the 
latest by Mondat Md «a ?BMch earlier as wacticable. 
