POH^ST AND STREAM. 
{Mai?" 1^, tgOQ. 
May 30-31.— Elwood, Ind.— Zoo Rod and Gun Club's tournament. 
J. M. Livingston, Sec'y. 
May 30-Tune 1.— London, O.— London Gun Club b tournament. 
May 31 -June 1.— Hunting^ton, Ind,— Erie Gun Club's tournament. 
George Reynolds', Sec'y. 
May 31-June 1.— Iowa Falls, la. — Fourth annual amateur tourna 
tnent of tJie Iowa Falls Gun Club; bluerocks. L. Hez«elwood, 
Sec'y. 
June (First Week).— Flint, Mich.— Michigan Trapshooters' League 
tournament. Jack Parker, manager. 
June 3-8.— Utica, N. Y. — ^Forty-second annual tournament of the 
New York State Association for the Protection of Fish and Game. 
Henry L. Gates, Sec'y. 
June 5-G.— Monroe, Wis. — Monroe Gun Club's tournament. J. C. 
Hood, Sec'y. 
June B-7. — Columbus, O. — Ohio Trapshooters' League tournament. 
J. C. Porterfield, Sec'y.' 
June '10-11. — Oshkosh, Wis. — Annual tournament of the Winne- 
bago Gun Club. 
June 12-H. — Sioux City, la. — Sixth annual amateur target tourna- 
-ment of the Soo Gun Club. W. F. Duncan, Sec'y. 
June 19-21.— Charleston, W. Va.— Fourth annual tournament of 
the West Virginia State Sportsmen's Association, under auspices 
•of Beechwood Rod and Gun Club; $500 added to open events, and 
valuable merchandise prizes in State events. J. A. Jones, Sec'y, 
Charleston, W. Va. 
June 20-21.— Norwich, N. Y. — Bluerock tournament of the 
Norwich Gun Club. S. E, Smith, Sec'y-Treas. 
July 12.— Sherburne, N. Y.— Target tournament of the Sherburne 
Gun Club. I. F. Padilford, Sec'y. 
July 17-19.— Fort Smith, Ark.— Tenth annual tournament Arkansas 
State Sportsmen's Association; $300 added. W. A. Leach, Pres. 
July 2.5-27.— Winnipeg, Man.— Manitoba Industrial Exhibition 
Association's trapshooting tournament. F. W. Heubach, Sec'y. 
Aug. 28-30.— Arnold's Park, Okoboji Lake, la.— Budd-Gilbert 
tournament. 
Sept. — .—First week in September. Tournament of the Sher- 
brooke Gun Club. 
Sept. 18-21— St. Thomas, Ont.— Tom Donley's fourth annual 
tournament; live birds and targets. 
Newark, N. J.— South Side Gun Club, target shoot every Satur- 
day afternoon. 
Interstate Park, Queens.— Weekly shoot of the New Utrecht 
Gun Club— Saturdays. 
TROPHY SHOOTS. 
Interstate Park Association trophy. — First event May 15, and 
thereafter each month, the cup to become the property of him who 
wins it four times. 
DRIVERS AND TWISTERS. 
CM sfcreiartes are invited to send their scores for publication in 
these columns, also any news notes they may care to hape^inted. Ties 
on all events are considered as divided unless otherwise reported. Mai 
allsuch matter to Forest and Stream Publishing Company., 346 Broad- 
way. New York. 
The. Journal, of Flint, Mich., has this to say of the local gun 
club: "Members of the Flint Shooting Club are workmg like 
be.avers to complete the arrangements for the State meetmg of 
the trapshooters, to be held in this city on Tuesday, Wednesday 
and Thursday, June 5, 6 and 7. Judging from the elaborate prepa- 
ations for the event, the coming meet will be one of the best m the 
history of the State Association. The members of the local club 
have dispjlaved a commendable spirit of independence in re- 
fraining trorri calling upon the business men of the city to assist 
them in raising the funds needed for the prizes and entertainment 
to be offered their guests. Only cash prizes will be hung up, and 
these will be provided by the Flint Club, although for several of 
the events additional prizes have been volimtarily offered by a few 
local business housese who are in sympathy with the sport. All 
of which is quite sound and quite pleasing. There is no reason 
why a gun club should have a begging committee, or why it 
should expect something for nothing. A tournament, though for 
the public, is not a charitable institution, and therefore should 
not ask nor expect charity. Sport should have its dignity and 
independence quite as much as or more than business should have. 
Under date of May 4 Mr. E. C. Burkhardt, of Buffalo, writes 
us from Siloam Springs, Ark., as follows: "I am prospecting for 
oil lead and zinc here, and expect to strike it rich. The shooting 
instinct is so strong within me that I determined to organize a 
local gun club and after a few hours' effort we succeeded m 
organizing the 'Siloam Springs Gun Club, with fifty members, an 
account of which I clipped frorn the local paper and inclose here- 
with. We held our first club shoot yesterday, and I intended to 
forward the scores, but some member of the club evidently did not 
relish having his scores appear in print, and the result is that 
the scores have disappeared. The writer was high in each event, 
but there is some verj' oromising timber among the members of 
the club notably Mr. Sam Shackleford, the genial manager of the 
Hotel Morris, who formerly shot under the nom de plume of 
"Guy"; also Dr. E. T. Neal, Messrs. Berry Harron, Baldwin, 
Med'erias, Oakes and Dr. Clegg." 
The programme of the Medicus Rod and Gun Club s target shoot, 
to take place at Interstate Park, May 18. has ten events. The sec- 
ond, fourth and eighth are at 15 targets, $1 entrance; the first and 
third are at 10, entrance 75 cents; the fifth at 20, $1.20; the sixth and 
ninth at 25. $1.50, and the tenth, miss-and-out, $1.50 entrance. 
Targets are included in entrance. Moneys divided by the Rose 
system. Two sets of traps. Shooting commences at 1 O'clock. 
C. E. Kemble is the secretary. The main event is No. 7, the two- 
men team race, open to members of any club; 100 targets, entrance 
$5. This will be the second contest for the Medicus trophies, 
value $50. Three wins establish ownership. 
Mr John B. Rogers, Warwick, N. Y. under date of May 5, 
writes us as follows: "The Warwick Gun Club have just completed 
putting in the three-trap system, and are now ready to com- 
mence their season's shooting. On May 30 the club will have an 
all- day shoot, open to all shooters, and we will be glad to see any 
one at the club. Purses will be divided Rose system, and a free 
lunch will be served. Targets will be charged for at V-/% cents each. 
We expect to have a good time. Remember that Thursdays are 
tlub days, and we are always glad to see visitors." 
On Decoration Day. May 30, the Providence Gun Club will hold 
an open shoot, commencing at 11 o'clock. Money divided 40, 30. 
20 and 10. Targets, 1 cent, included in entrance. No shells sold 
on the grounds at this shoot. A large attendance is expected. In 
the special handicap events the conditions will be so arranged that 
all will have a fair chance. There are ten eveilts, 15, 20 and 25 
targets, 160 in all, with a total entrance of $6.40. and of this $1 
is the entrance to the 25-target handicap. Take Riverside or 
Crescent Park electric cars. 
At a meeting of the New Jersey State Association on Monday of 
this week it was decided that the target events on the first two 
davs of its tournament, May 23 and 24, would be shot on the 
grounds of the Walsrode Gun Club, at Trenton, N. J., and the 
five-bird, on the third day, at Yardville. These grounds are not 
far apart s^nd are both reached by the same trolley line. Mr. C. 
W. Feigenspan, Newark, is acting secretary. The programme is 
in course of publication, and will be published in the near future. 
Mr. Henry P. Shaner, secretary of the New Castle Gun Club, 
New Castle, Pa., under date of May 5, writes us as follows: "The 
New Castle Gun' Club will hold a one-day tournament on Wednes- 
day, May 23; also on that day on the club's grounds a contest at 
too bluerocks for the bronze medal will be held. The match will 
be between John Knode ("Pills"), of Pittsburg, Pa., challenger, 
and Tames 'T, Atkinson, of New Castle, Pa., holder. This trophy 
carries with it the championship of western Pennsylvania." 
At a meeting of the Interstate Association, held on Friday of 
last week, a prograname. for the great Interstate: tournament at 
Interstate Park, Queens, L. I., was arranged, and will be published 
in the near futufe. Mr. Elmer E. Shaner, the manager of the 
Association, m.ade a brief visit to New York on Friday, after the 
Interstate shoot at Trenton, and took the programme matter in 
hand for publication, We are informed that it is so arranged as 
to prnvide the iruc totirnament competition. 
Keep in liiind the Tive-bird. toUmafliettt of the Greater New York 
Gun Club, at Dexter Park, Jamaica avenue and Enfield street, 
Brooklyn, on May 11. Mr. L. H. .Schortemeier is manager and 
handicapper. Handicaps, 25 to 32yds. There are four events, re- 
spectively at 7, 10, 15 and 10 live birds, entrance respectively $3, 
$5, $7 and $5, birds extra at 25 cents. For the three high guns in 
the regular events, $7, $5 .and $3. > 
Miskay's sister was one who shot at Wellington, Mass., on 
Wednesday of last week. It was her third attempt, and she 
made the very excellent score of 13 out of 25 with a light load 
and light gun — 2%drs. of powder and %oz. of shot. In the report 
of the Boston Gun Club shoot the incident is described in the 
charming manner which is a characteristic of the Boston Gun 
Club's reporter. 
The secretary, Mr. A. W. Walls, of Worcester, Mass., writes us 
as follows: "On Saturday, May 12 the Worcester, Mass., Sports- 
men's Club will have a shoot. The grounds will be open for 
shooting all dav, but the regular sweepstake programme will begin 
at 1:30 P. M. ■ There will be four events of 25 targets each, $2 
entrance, and several 10-bird events, 70 cents entrance." 
Under date of May 1 Mr. N. P. Leach, of Swanton, Vt., writes 
us as follows: "I am requested by Mr. F. W. Heubach, manager 
of the Manitoba Industrial Exhibition, to claim the following 
dates for tiieir trapshooting tournament: July 25, 26. and 27, Winni- 
peg. Man., Industrial Exhibition Association; $3,000 in trophies 
and added money. F. W. Heubach, secretary, Winnipeg, Man." 
The performance of Mr. Fred Gilbert in the use of the shotgun 
at the tournament of the Illinois Gun Club, Springfield, 111., was 
truly marvelous. In the big handicap he killed 50 live birds straight 
from the 31yd. mark, and in the Schmelzer contest he broke 97 
targets out of 100. It was the more remarkable as Mr. Gilbert was 
weak from his recent severe iUness. 
In the contest for the May cup on Saturday of last week at the 
New Utrecht Gun Club's shoot at Interstate Park Mr. Edward 
Banks, standing at 30yds., killed 10 birds straight and scored a win. 
There were six shoots for this cup, two in April, four in May. 
The one who scores the greater number of the six wins owns 
the cup. 
The match between Messrs. "Woods" and Packard, at 50 birds, 
$50, will take place at the shoot of the Medicus Gun Club, on 
Thursday of tliis week, at Interstate Park, Queens. The pro- 
gramme events are as follows: 5 birds, $3.50; 7~birds, $5; 5 birds, 
•$3,50; Medicus Handicap, 10 birds, $5, for Greener gun. Birds 
extra. 
The Medicus Gun Club has changed its dates from May 24 to 
May 18, on account of New Jersey State shoot, which is to be held 
on May 23 and 24. The next team race at targets of the Medicus 
Club is to be held on the date above mentioned. 
Mr. J. A. R. Elliott, holder, and Fred Gilbert, challenger, have 
arranged to shoot for the Republic cup at Kansas City on Friday 
of this week. In their inatdi at 100 live birds at .Springfield, 111.; 
last week, the scores were: Gilbert 96, Elliott 93. 
•*6 
Messrs. Rike, Courtney, Heikes, Connor and Elliott at Spring- 
field, 111., last week, shooting as a squad, broke straight' in a 20- 
target event, thereby scoring lOO straight. 
Of great deeds with the gun the reader will find an interesting 
account in the report of the tournament of tjie Illinojis Gun Cltlb> 
liublished elsewhere in our columns. 
There will be a contest for the Sanders-Storltts cup at Interstate 
Park on Mav 15. 
" BXRNAKD WATBRS. 
Harrisbufg Shooting Association. 
H.\RRISBURG, Pa., May 7. — Herewith are the scores of our shoot, 
Iield Thursday, May 3. It was a good old-fashioned shoot at the 
Harrisburg Shooting Association grounds, starting at_ 9 A. M. on 
targets. With the exception of one event, the 7-bird handicap 
event at 2 P. M., target shooting continued all day. 
A more genial and good-natured old-time lot of shooters are not 
often met. When you see such a squad as Krueger, Burnham, 
Dochie, Brewster and Sullivan pound away all day it looks as 
though shooting had not lost any of its fascination for the Harris- 
burg Club. 
No. 6 was a handicap event and was well filled. No. 7 was a 
"walk and shoot" event, 5 men up walking toward trap, repeated 
by the next shooter. A 10-single and 5-pair event was interesting, 
and all were well pleased with the day's enjoyment. The scores: 
Events: 
Targets : 
Kreuger 10 
Burnham .10 13 15 
Seitz 
Brewster , 
Stoll . 
Eyster 
Wiley 
Egolf . 
Glackfelter 8 13 14 
Moore 6 
Humner 5 12 13 
Ros.s 
Stevenson 
Rutlege 
Sellers 
George 
Hawk 
Pail 
Star 
Beumer 
Root 
Lyberger ^..c^ ••• 
Wilmot 
Seabold 
Luetz 
Fig • 
Bowman • 
McFadden 
Curtis 
Seven live birds, handicap, $5 
Whiteman, 30........... 0212220-^5 
Dommel, 28 ......2021202-5. 
Sweigert, 28 ....1202002-4 
WagSer, 28... 1102101-5 
Anderson. 29 ...1001210-4 
Sellers, 30 .1212121-7 
David, 28 0112202—5 
Sullivan, 30 1201201-5 
Kreuger, 30 1222220-6 
Burnham, 30....i.......l212<101--5 
1 
2 
0 
K> 
4 
5 
6 
7 
8 
9 
10 
15 
15 
20 
20 
25 
10 
10 
15 
10 
13 
12 
19 
19 
20 
5 
9 
13 
10 
13 
15 
20 
14 
17 
4 
9 
14 
4 
11 
7 
9 
14 
20 
5 
6 
7 
8 
14 
14 
19 
16 
21 
5 
9 
13 
6 
7 
10 
13 
16 
18 
8 
7 
9 
12 
8 
8 
S 
11 
15 
11 
16 
6 
1 
4 
6 
9 
16 
f> 
0 
8 
6 
8 
12 
15 
ii 
13 
2 
6 
S 
10 
11 
10 
8 
13 
14 
19 
15 
17 
6 
5 
8 
10 
10 
5 
12 
13 
19 
i2 
23 
"9 
6 
S 
6 
16 
12 
22 
5 
7 
"1 
7 
14 
12 
15 
8 
13 
12 
15 
16 
24 
5 
8 
13 
4 
6 
11 
13 
13 
17 
2 
3 
8 
8 
9 
9 
15 
14 
17 
17 
10 
22 
20 
9 
3 
3 
5 
6 
'3 
3 
7 
5 
4 
0 
5 
2 
1 
3 7 
3 .. 
7 10 
7 .. 
1 
'.5 
3 
entrance : 
Rutlege, 28 2012002—4 
Paul. 29... ......1212220—6 
Sites, 30 .n:..... ;. 2222221— 7 
Star, 30 VJ 1111122—7 
Brewster, 30. . .2102222—6 
George, 28 2020001—3 
Eyster, 28. ... . .'.y ; .-0220220-4 
Wiley, 28 i-^V.t. .'.-,1212110—6 
Gatchpole Gun Club Toufnament. 
WoLCOTT, N. Y., May 5. — The spring tournament of the Catch- 
pole Gun Club, May 3 and 4, was a success. While the attendance 
was not as large as it should have been or as expected, many 
being detained at home for various reasons, Uncle Ben Catch 
pole, known as Uncle Ben by almost everv shooter in New York 
State, was on hand and had his share of the sport at every stage 
of the game. 
Messrs. W. L. Colville, representing the Dupont Powder Co., 
and J. R. Hull, of Parker Bros., with the celebrated Parker gun, 
were trade representatives. F. E. .McCord and A. A. Mosher, of 
Rochester; J. N. Knapp and C. W. Tuttle, of Auburn; G. S. 
Wride, of Sodus; R. G. Wheeler, of Watervale; C. Tassell, of 
Marion, shot through the programme. Mr. Chapman, of the 
Hunter Arms Co., Fulton, N. Y., came in the afternoon of the 
second day. All that were in attendance seemed to have a good 
time, and .some fine shooting was done. 
Mr. F. E. McCord, of Rochester, N. Y., Was high man in the 
average, and thus won first average prize, breaking 298 targets out 
of a possible 315 — 94.6 per cent. He was very closely followed by 
that splendid shot Mr. J. N. Knapp, of Auburn, N. Y., breaking 
293 targets out of a possible 315 — 93.1 per cent. — second average 
prize. The shooting of both these gentlemen was of high order 
and expert style, as the scores will show, Mr. Knapp making one 
run of 87 consecutive breaks, which was really remarkable work, as 
the shooting was difficult, a strong wind making the targets take 
erratic courses. Mr. R. G. Wheeler, of Watervale, won third aver- 
age prize. Messrs. Colville and Hull shot for targets only. 
Besides the regular programme of 315 targets, some special extra 
sweeps were shot and some fine scores made. In one event of 25 
targets there were three breaking 24 each and two breaking 22 each, 
or 116 targets broke out of 125 shot at. 
Perhaps the best squad shooting of the day was an extra sweep 
of 15 targets, in which 74 breaks were made out of a possible 75. 
The gentlemen constituting this squad were Knapp and Tuttle, of 
Auh-urn; Colville. of Batavia; Hull, of Meriden, and Wadsworth, 
of Wolcott, Mr. Hull m.aking the only miss of 1 target. All present 
reported a good time, and as a club we hope to give a better shoot 
for our next and hope for a -better attendance. 
May 3, First Day. 
Events: 1 2 3 4 5-6 7 8 
Targets; 10 15 20 15 20 10 15 10 
Hull 8 13 16 10 18 8 11 10 
McCord 9 14 20 14 19 9 13 8 
Wadsworth 7 12 18 13 16 10 13 10 
Colville 10 8 16 12 18 10 14 10 
Tassell 81214 9.. 911 9 
Wheeier 8 13 19 13 16 9 12 9 
Uncle Ben 9 10 8 . . . . 
Wride 7 11 14 14 15 8 13 10 
Tuttle 9 13 14 10 18 8 12 10 
Knapp .......s.i.i:.,.,....ti..i........ 10 15 15 12 19 10 12 10 
Copeman v. . 5 .. 1413 .. 8 .. .. 
Fowler 8 7 11 8 
May 4, Second Day. 
Events : 1 
Targets: 10 
Hull 10 
McCord 10 
Wadsworth . . 9 
Colville 9 
Tassell 7 
Tuttle 9 
Wheeler 9 
Wride 10 
Mosher 9 
Knapp 10 
Uncle Ben .. 8 
Fowler 8 
Burke 
Chapman 
2 3 4 
15 20 15 
12 19 13 
15 19 13 
10 18 14 
13 17 13 
13 17 13 
11 17 11 
12 20 13 
13 19 13 
11 17 15 
14 20 15 
10 .. 13 
13 17 12 
5 6 7 
10 15 15 
10 14 15 
10 15 15 
8 13 11 
9 12 12 
9 12 12 
10 12 15 
10 15 13 
7 14 13 
9 12 11 
10 15 14 
6 .. .. 
7 11 11 
8 9 10 11 12 
10 15 20 10 15 
10 11 18 10 13 
10 13 19 10 14 
9 13 9 8 3 
7 9 .. .. .. 
7 9 .. ,. 
9 15 16 10 14 
8 12 16 10 14 
6 11 18 9 11 
8 12 15 8 13 
9 15 19 8 13 
8 7 
7 10 . . 8 . . 
.. 9 .. .. 8 
.. -.1.-1.. .. 
13 14 
15 15 
15 14 
14 15 
11 12 
13 13 
14 14 
13 13 
14 i4 
13 13 
Shot 
at. 
Broke. 
115 
94 
115 
106 
115 
99 
115 
98 
95 
72 
lib 
99 
35 
27 
115 
92 
115 
94 
115 
103 
.55 
40 
45 
34 
Shot 
at. 
Broke. 
200 
184 
200 
192 
200 
153 
200 
174 
125 
99 
200 
175 
200 
181 
200 
170 
170 
140 
200 
190 
75 
52 
135 
104 
30 
17 
30 
26 
Extra sweep, 25 targets, two moneys: Hull 22, McCord 24, Col- 
ville 22, Tuttle 24, Wride 24, Chapman 22, Knapp 24, Hull 24. 
Extra, 15 targets, two moneys: Hull 14, Knapp 15, Tuttle 15, 
Colville 15, Wadsworth 15. Seventy-four broken by squad out of 
possible 75. 
E. A. Wadsworth, Sec'y. 
IN NEW JERSEY. 
South Side Gon Club* 
Newai'k, N. J., May 5. — The scores made to-day follow. The 
team shoot, six men on a side, 25 targets, was won by Feigen- 
span's team', as follows: 
Feigenspan 25, Terrill 17, Dawson 16j Lertjy 20, Nagle 20, Has- 
singer 22; total 120. 
Herrington 20, Engle 23, HeJnisch 13, Hayes 19, Willis 9, 
Koegel 22; total 106.. 
Other scores: 
Events : 
Targets : 
Feigenspan 
Herrington 
Dawson . . 
Weller 9 
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 
10 10 10 10 10 10 15 
8 8 10 7 10 9 12 
9 9 6 
7 5 5 
6 4 
6 8 6 9 
5 4 4 5 
4 Koegel 
Events: 12 3 4 
Targets: 10 10 10 10 
Hayes 10 9 8 
Heinisch 4. 
Leroy 6 
Nagle 7 5 6 9 Hassinger 
Terrill 3 
Engle 
6 7 4 7 6.. Sinnock 
8 9 7 Leroy, Sr. 
4 
9 
8 
10 
9 
3 
5 6 7 
10 10 15 
6 .. 
5 
9 8 
9 9 
8 9 
9 14 
. 11 
Kentucky Gun Club. 
Louisville, Ky., May 2. — In the contest for the Lyons trophy, 
the scores of which are subjoined, Mr. H. J. I^yons, the donor of 
the silver cup, did not compete, he shooting for the birds only. 
The weather was clear and warm. The scorer was Mr. Wm. Hine- 
ley. The referee was Mr. H. H. Martin. The conditions were 20 
live birds, handicap rise. The scores: 
S Culbertson, 27 20222202222*222220w 
B G Boyle, 27 0022201220w 
C T Ballard, 26 21202201202220w ; 
B P Grigsby, 27 20221022122120w 
W M Keller, 26 01222210211211*22122—17 
A M Cartledge, 27 22222222*222*2222211—18 
S Hutchings, .30 22202222222220222210—17 
W C Churchill, 29 21222221221221220222—19 
G R Hunt, 26 2101102100W 
E Pragoff, 29...-. 2221212122212222*222—19 
B Ballard, 30 .202222020220 w 
E Duncan, 28 22220212222201222202—17 
H J Lyons, 31... 2222222222222222*222—19 
F Hussey, £8 *2121222221002*2 
T R Todd, 25 01111222*121212*0w 
W A Fawcett, 29 022222022022220w 
F W Samuel, 27 0022211100w 
Shoot-ofI of ties. Mr. H. J. Lyons, doHDr of cup, shooting for 
the birds only, withdrew. The scores: 
D L Miller.. .....20 —1 W C Churchill ....22120-^ 
E Pragoff 22222—5 
E. Pragoff wins the cup, with 24 out of 25. 
Colt Gun Club. 
Ray, 30 ^ 
t « • t f • « /tk .) V • a 4 • • • 
Hartford, Conn., May 5.,— The Colt Gun Club held the second 
of its prize shoots Saturday afternoon. The prizes are to en- 
courage attendance. Members must be present seven out of fif- 
teen shoots to be eligible for prizes. 
Following are the scores: 
Twentv-five targets, unknown angles: Bradley 22, Cook 20, Hab- 
bell 18, 'Bishop 18. Moore 17, Johnson 17, Carter 17, Stone 17, 
Hyde 15, Hollister 14, Colt 13, Clark 12, Hermann 12, Lehraarm 11. 
Five pairs doubles: Hermann 8, Bradley 7, Cook 7, Bishop 6, 
Johnson 5, Carter 5, Moore 4, Stone 2. 
L. H. Bradlev, S^c'y, 
The FoREtT ANB Stream is put to press each week on Tuesdsy; 
Correspondence intended lor publication should reatch ns at tb« 
latest by Monday and as mucb earlier as practicable^ 
