4 
THE SCIENTIST. 
I 
running at every angle between a vertical 
and a horizontal. I have observed this 
for a distance of 200 miles from Trinidad 
to the Platte river. At Canon City the 
convicts in the state penitentiary manu- 
facture a fine lime from it. The "cap 
rock" of all the coal I have ever observed 
in Colorado, whether east or west of the 
mountains, is a soft, yellow, porous 
sandstone. Around Canon City whei'e 
this rock is not eroded it is about 250 
feet thick. At Trinidad, it is not so well 
developed, yet it is present. At and 
around Como in South Park about 100 
miles northwest of Canon City,and on the 
other side of a high range of mountains 
t e sandstone "cap rock" is from 50 to a 
100 feet thick. 
The i^oint in the canon, five miles 
from Canon City, described above, is 
called the Eoyal Gorge. For several 
miles, at least thirty, the Arkansas river 
passes through a canon with granite, 
quartzite, syenite cr trachite walls rising 
from 400 to 4,000 feet above the water. The 
first widening is called Pleasant Valley 
Park* The walls draw together again 
and then widen and resolve themselves 
into mountain slopes where they bound 
the beautiful North Park, along the 
east side of which flows the Arkansas 
river. This park is about fifty miles 
long and from five to twenty miles wide. 
At tlie lower east end lies the beautiful 
thrifty town of Salida at an elevation of 
about 7,500 feet. At the upper end of 
the park at an elevation of about 9,300 
feet lies the mining town of Leadville, 
principally in California Gulch, a tribua- 
tary of the Arkansas, while a little 
above the center of the park, and in the 
only pine grove in it, is the town of 
Buena Vista at an elevation of 8,000 
feet. Inside of fifteen miles from this 
place are three mountains, Princeton, 
Harvard, and Yale all of which are 
higher than Pikes Peak. It is not 
generally known, but there are more 
than thirty mountains in Colorado any- 
one of which is higher than Pikes Peak. 
Buena Vista is one of the most beauti- 
ful little towns I ever saw in my life, 
but I must not digress. 
Near Leadville, I was in sight of the 
source of the Arkansas river. Here it is 
a little trout brook. As I looked at its 
pure water and snowy surroundings, I 
could not help contrasting the scenery 
with that at the mouth of the river 
where I spent six weeks, twenty six 
years ago, fighting, mostly mosqaitoes 
for my beloved country. I shed more 
blood on a flotilla near the mouth of the 
Arkansas i-iver than if I had lost a limb, 
yet the government has never, never 
offered me a pension ! 
From Buena Vista, I took the Gunnison 
branch of the Denver and South Park 
Railroad on the evening of the 29th of 
October and went to the mining camp of 
St. Elmo. Here I put in four days at 
attitudes varying from 10.000 to 13,000 
feet above sea level. I examined seve]'al 
mining properties here. Had to take 
bromide of potassium to act as an arterial 
sedative to prevent hemorrhage of the 
nose and to quiet my nerves so I could 
sleep. From li^^ie I returned to Kansas 
City via Denver. From North Park 
and Buena Vista my route was through 
the Kenosha Hills and down the Platte 
canon. 
I made some important observations 
on glacial drift, which 1 will proceed 
to give. For several months I have 
been interested in glacial phenomena in 
New Mexico. Perhaps it would be more 
exact to say interested in post glacial 
drift, for the phenomena are certainly 
to be atiributed to the post glacial. 
Along the east side of the Kio Grande in 
New Mexico this drift is abundant. I 
observed it at a point on the Santa Fe' 
Railroad about thirty miles south of San 
Marcial. Immense deposits are to be 
seen along the western boundary of the 
desert known as tl e Jonrnado del Muerto 
(journey of death). At the time of my. 
