70 
THE SCIENTTIST. 
the name is; lirst, that several other pro- 
cesses, as gehithie printing, woodbury- 
type, photogravures and all ordinary pho- 
tography, produce half-tone pictures, go- 
ing by gradation from light to dark, as 
distinguished from engraved or drawn 
pictures in lines or dots, while in this 
process some shades of llie half-tone are 
always lost and the work is flatter than 
the original. Foreign engravers come 
closer to it with the word iDhototypie. 
This work can be readily made from 
good photographs, plucky negatives con- 
taining plenty of sparkle, and good 
detail in both lights and shadows. When 
these qualities are lacking the print 
must be retouched in the shadows with 
flake white, its whiteness just broken a 
trifle with some warm pigment, till it 
matches the light parts of the photo. In 
the lights, where detail is lost, it must be 
restored with the brush and india ink, 
also warmed up with color to match the 
middle tones of the photo. The best re- 
production of all will result when, in- 
stead of a photograph, you send to the 
engraver a clean, strong drawing in 
washes of india ink, made on rather 
smooth water color paper, just tooth 
enough to take washes well; all the de- 
tails well brouglit out, textures attended 
too and unimportant parts and the back- 
ground kept flat. A plate from such a 
drawing will always please, provided 
the ink, paper and printer are of the 
best. Otherwise it is better to select 
some other process. This about com- 
pletes the list of illustrative methods 
which may be called practical and popu- 
lar and at the same time yielding the 
best results. Of some others, more re- 
stricted in application, but interesting 
scientifically, I may perhaps show speci- 
mens at some future day. It will be a 
pleasure to me to answer any questions 
on these subjects, so far as 1 may be able 
to do so, believing that thereby the bet- 
ter recording of scientific facts may be 
promoted. 
"OR THE SCIKNTIST. 
Movements of Aniiiuils, 
By D. C. Jordan. 
An Irishman said that " A hunter's 
best horse is a mule," and this article 
may call a bird an animal, for all the 
writer knows, before it is ended. Classi- 
fication, arraiigement and the necessity 
of naming things began, of course, with 
Adam. Until he fooled with the articu- 
late ends of knowledge, and became en- 
tangled in tiie endlessly varrying lines of 
Life, he did not even know liisown name, 
but for all we know, he might 
have learned the greater lessons of 
Creation out of the unsyllabled 
language of God's unwritten forms. 
The adage which says, "A rose by any 
other name would smell as sweet," is 
as true as that, a bird by any other name 
would fly as well. What 1 would sug- 
gest is this: When we are thinking of 
motion or the activity of life, it is quite 
as well at times not to be tied to names, 
and the book-classifications, if we will 
have a look into the wider arena of 
knowledge that comes by seeing right 
on through tiie truth-rifts or the Infinite 
which show so brightly on our clouded 
sky. Perfect motion is as suggestive of 
beauty, and grace, as perfect repose; and 
the conditions necessary to the produc- 
tion of perfect movements, are the same 
throughout the whole Universe. These 
conditions must consist in the absolute 
freedom of the subject, and the entire 
absence of all malformations, deforma- 
ties, the i)resence of inharmonious or 
disturbing elements and of all accidents. 
All motion under these conditions is 
perfect, from the almost indefinable 
movements of diatoms to the graceful 
curves of waltz or minuet. Above 
it is stated that perfect motion is sug- 
gestive of beauty, to as large a measure 
as repose. Perhaps this is mostly wrong. 
Perhaps there is no repose. A muscle 
