PLANTING METHODS 15 
4 Tte rest of the stakes are set with two "measuring boards." 
The "measuring-boards" should be as long as the desired distance between 
the trees. Well-seasoned pine or redwood boards 1 inch thick and 3 inches 
wide will do for these boards. There should be a notch at the end ot each 
board, and they can be somewhat more easily handled if the ends are 
fastened together with a small bolt. 
5 The end of one ot the measuring-boards is placed at one of the 
stakes on the base line. The end of the other measuring-board is placed 
at the stake on the line which is at right angles to the base line, then 
where the two ends of the measuring-boards meet is where the next stake 
should be set. In this way, a line of stakes is set clear across paraUel to 
the base line, and the next parallel to it, and so on until the entire held 
is staked. 
FINDING A TRUE CORNER. 
Where the trees are to 
To fand a square corner, begin at the start- ^ ^ 
be planted a long way ing point "A" at one ena ol your base line 
apar't, a wire triangle wiU ?';,VTo"oWVrie\''e*.S lo^reef^nS ' ,y I 
be easier to handle tnan ^ stake at "C." as near at right I 
one made of boards. To angles as possible to "B." "C" is ^ i 
malcB n trinntrlp use three lust 100 Icet from "A, U you ^ • 
niake a tnangie, use inree i ^^^^ at y 
pieces of wire and three "J .. n it is not lOO /■ .' 
harness rings, fasten the leet, then ,'*>.<,■'' 
ends of the wires together about until ' c « ✓ 
with the three rings so as ""^"^ .^a" and W O 
to form a triangle, with a 60 leet Irom /' I 
ring at each corner. The "B." I 
distance between the rings I 
should be equal to the dis- I 
tance between the trees. A/ gO^t B ' 
Set two of the rings over the stakes on the base line and allow the 
third to go out into the field. The three wires should be stretched tight, 
and where the third ring goes, set a stake. Move your ring down one 
stake on the base line, and set the next stake. In this way set a row of 
stakes parallel to the base line then move over on the second line and set 
a third, and so on until the entire field is staked off. 
Rows on Where a hill is too steep to cultivate both ways, it is 
TT'11 \Af^ often fi-n advantage to place the rows so they will run 
tne xllllSiae qjj same level around the hill. It is easier to culti- 
vate and spray. The exact distance between rows depends upon the 
steepness of the hill. 
Marking with This method is often used on small orchards where a 
Tj. slight variation is not so apparent as in the larger or- 
& irlOW chards. A good two-horse turning plow is rigged with 
a "marker" — a light wooden bar extending at right angles from the beain. 
On the end of this bar a cross-piece is fastened perpendicularly so it 
scratches along the surface of the ground. Stakes should be set for plow- 
ing out the first furrow. 
When this is done, the team is turned back and sent back along the 
next row, the location of which has been fixed by the marker, and so on 
the length of the field, the marker being turned each timejto indicate the 
next furrow. 
Then the plow furrows across the field at right angle to the others, 
and the trees are planted at the intersection of the furrows. 
