SPRAYING— YOUNG TREES— SPRAY MIXTURES 77 
Second Spraying. Just as the leaves are opening, use Bordeaux 
3-3-50 for leaf spot and mildew. On the gooseberries, one application 
may be made just before the leaves start to unfold. 
Third Spraying. Make this application two weeks after the leaves 
start to unfold. Use Bordeaux 3-3-50 and lead arsenate 3 pounds to 
60 gallons for leaf spot, imported currant worm, and mildew. This ap- 
plication usually stays on long enough to destroy the currant worms when 
they appear. If the rain washes most of it off before blooming time, an- 
other special application should be made immediately. 
Fourth Spraying. This application should be made about two weeks 
after the third for leaf spot and mildew. Use self-boiled lime and sulphur 
or potassium sulphide. Bordeaux could be used, but it is apt to spot 
the fruit. After the fruit is picked, it may be necessary to spray once 
or twice with Bordeaux for the leaf spot. Do not neglect the foliage 
merely because the crop has been removed. The canes should make a 
good growth for next season. 
Blackberry First Spraying. Use boiled lime-sulphur in 
TtatTrUarr-iT L-nA ^Bxly Spring, whcn the canes are dormant. This is 
ijewoerry ana j.^^^ scale, San Jose scale, etc. 
Raspberry Second Spraying. Just before the leaves unfold, 
use Bordeaux 3-3-50. This is for the anthracnose. A special spraying 
should be made when the buds are swelling. If the pale brown byturus is 
present, use lead arsenate 3 pounds to 50 gallons, and apply thoroughly. 
Third Spraying. Apply this when the young canes are about 6 inches 
high. Use self-boiled lime-sulphur. This is for the anthracnose and leaf 
spot, and should be directed toward the youn^; canes. Do not get any 
more than is absolutely necessary on the bearing canes. 
The preceding pages are for the protection of fruit, as well as the 
foliage and body of the bearing tree. 
Young Trees 
A young tree, after planting, should be sprayed as the case demands, 
but seldom is it necessary to follow a complete system before the orchard 
comes into bearing. 
The young orchard can be effectively sprayed with a hand pump. 
Just after the leaf buds open, spray with a combined poison (preferably 
lead arsenate) and fungicide (dilute lime-sulphur or Bordeaux — note ex- 
ception, page 76). If there are no near-by orchards which will infect the 
young trees, and if it is not a particularly rainy season, no other summer 
sprayings are necessary. However, watch the trees and be ready to spray 
them promptly if a pest is noticed. Remember, this applies to young 
orchards and to mature trees during an off year, when there is no fruit — 
and remember that the trees should be kept in a sound, healthy, growing 
condition, whether they have any fruit on them or not. Protect the 
foliage. The growth of the young trees and next year's crop on the mature 
trees both depend on healthy foliage. Spray each winter with concen- 
trated lime-sulphur solution when the trees are dormant. 
Spray Mixtures 
Don't change any of the formulas unless you care to experiment, and 
then you should do so only in a small way, and with knowledge of the re- 
actions of the solutions with which you are working. Don't think, because 
a certain solution is good, that double the strength is better. It might kill 
your trees. Don't try to dilute your solutions to make them go farther. 
You may get rid of part of the insects or fungous diseases, but not en- 
tirely. "The few that remain will probably reproduce so fast that there 
will be just as many as ever in a short time. "Their complete destruction 
is necessary. 
