78 
SPRAY MATERIALS 
Spray Mixtures These mixtures must be prepared carefully. If too 
f A. Tj^+c Tv/rji weak, they are useless, and if too strong, they are 
lOr ICOXS, iVlU- g^p^ "burn" the foliage. They must be applied at 
dew, Etc. the right time. Their effectiveness depends upon 
their being on the tree before the little spores 
which make all the trouble germinate. These little spores appear at a 
certain time in most cases. They require rain-water or dew, in which 
they germinate. If the fungicide is sprayed on ahead of time, it will be 
present in the drop of rain-water or dew on the leaf, and when the little 
spore germinates and starts to grow, the fungicide will kill it before it 
can get down into the tissues of the leaf, where it is out of reach. 
Bordeaux Copper Sulphate (Bluestone) 3 lbs. 
T^JTi^,,^^^ ,0 o KA^ Quicklime (unslaked) 3 lbs. 
Mixtures (3-3-50) water. . . . 50 gal. 
Dissolve the copper sulphate in water at the rate of 2 pounds per gal- 
lon (use wooden or earthen vessels). Where a large quantity of spray is 
used, it saves time to prepare a large amount of stock solution, using ex- 
actly 2 pounds of copper sulphate per gallon of water. The most con- 
venient method is to weigh out the proper amount of copper sulphate, 
place it in a burlap sack or piece of loosely woven cloth, and hang it in the 
water just below the surface. It melts faster this way. Weigh out the 
lime to make the mixture, place it in a barrel and add water slowly until it 
has slaked, then add enough water so that it stirs readily, diluting to a 
known volume. By making up quantities of stock solution in this manner, 
it saves weighing out the material for each tanlcful of spray. 
To make the mixture, pour in 114 gallons of the stock solution, 
which should contain 3 pounds of copper sulphate; fill the tank three- 
fourths full of water, and stir well; then add stock solution of milk of 
lime containing the equivalent of 3 pounds of quicklime. Stir and dilute 
to 50 gallons. Never mix the two concentrated stock solutions. Do not 
use an excess of copper sulphate. If the lime is impure and does not 
neutralize all of the copper sulphate, it will burn the foliage. To test 
this, add a few drops of a solution of yellow prussiate of potash (1 ounce 
to 1 pint of water) to a little of the Bordeaux mixture, and if a brown color 
appears, add more lime. Add lime until no brown color appears on 
testing. 
For apples, domestic plums, cherry, and pear, use 3-3-50 mixture, as 
described above. 
For grape, use the 5-5-50 mixture (5 pounds of copper sulphate, 5 
pounds of quicklime, 50 gallons of water). Do not use Bordeaux mixture 
on Japanese plums, peaches or apricots. Keep the sediment well stirred 
up when spraying. When properly made, there is a little danger of burn- 
ing the foliage, if the mixture is applied during hot, moist weather. (See 
"Bordeaux Spray Injury," page 73.) 
Self-Boiled Lime J^^V^l (QuicMime) 10 lbs. 
, c 1 u Sulphur (Flour) 10 lbs. 
and Sulphur ^ater. . 50 gal. 
This self-boiled mixture may be used on the foliage in the summer- 
time. Place the lime in a barrel and almost cover with cold water. When 
the lime begins to slake, add the 10 pounds of flour of sulphur, which 
should be free from lumps. The sulphur should be made into a thin paste 
with a little water before adding. Gradually add enough water to the 
mixture of slaking lime and sulphur to make a thin paste. It will boil for 
several minutes. As soon as the lime is through slaking, add additional 
water to prevent further cooking, stir and dilute to 50 gallons, and spray 
on thoroughly. When spraying, the mixture should be agitated contin- 
ually to prevent the lime from settling in the bottom of the tank. 
