GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS 
14. PLUMS — Should be planted ten to fifteen feet apart, in clusters, as so planting assures 
more complete fertilization of the blossoms, thereby giving the fullest returns of the most delic- 
ious fruit. Plums should have rich soil, which should be kept well cultivated. 
1§. PEACHES— Should be planted twelve by twelve feet apart. To secure healthy, vigorous 
and fruitful trees and fine fruit, the following points must be well attended to: First — Keep the 
ground clean and mellow. Second — Keep the heads low — the trunks should not exceed three feet 
in height. Third — Give them an occasional dressing with wood ashes. Fourth — Prune every spring 
shortening the shoots of the previous year's growth; this keeps the head round, full and well 
furnished with bearing wood. Cut weak shoots back about one-half, and strong ones one-third; 
but see that there is left a sufficient supply of fruit buds. Sickly and superfluous shoots should 
be cut out clean. The fruit is borne on wood of last year's growth and hence the necessity of 
keeping up a good supply of vigorous annual shoots all over the tree. Salt is an excellent fer- 
tilieer for peach trees; soap suds is also good. Young trees should be well mulched every 
spring, or kept well cultivated until about the middle of July each year. Would advise planting 
a good wind break on south side of orchard. 
16. APRICOTS AND N ECTARIN ES— Should be planted fifteen feet apart, and need the 
same management, culture and training as the peach. 
17. CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERRIES— Should be planted in the garden four feet apart; 
sawdust and tan barks should be used as a mulch. The currant flourishes in almost any kind of soil, 
but to have the fruit in perfection, plant in rich, deep soil, and give good annual pruning and culti- 
vation. When plants are grown as stools or bushes, the older and feebler suckers should be cut 
out and the stem and root kept free from suckers. 
A 40-acre Block of Two-Year Cut-Back Apple 
18. RASPBERRIES — Should be planted four feet apart each way or rows five feet apart and 
three feet apart in row and in a deep soil — one that will retain moisture well in drouth. In train- 
ing allow only a few canes to grow from each plant, cutting away all suckers to throw the 
strength into the stalk for bearirtg; all old canes should be removed immediately after the fru:t 
Is all picked. 
19. BLACKBERRIES — Require the same kind of soil and treatment as Raspberries, except 
that they should be planted in rows eight feet wide and four feet apart In the row. A neat and 
improved method of pruning will make the plants self-sustaining bushes, viz.; as soon as the 
plants are about four feet high, clip off the points of the growing cane and repeat the operation 
several times, until they assume the form of a bush. If not pruned in this manner they require 
to be tied to a stake or wire trellis. Mulching is of great advantage to both Raspberries and 
Blackberries. 
20. GRAPES— It planted for fastening to a trellis or arbor, should be eight feet apart; if tied 
to stakes, six feet apart. The holes should be dug not less than four feet wide and two feet deep. 
Burying bones under the roots make the vines more prolific and the fruit of better quality. The 
bones should be put in the bottom of the hole and covered with fine soil, then pour on a little 
water to settle the dirt amongst the bones; then fill up with mellow soil to within five or six 
