Sept. 8, 1900.] 
191 
OA^ercome. He may not start off on a second run for a 
minute or two minutes. They generally dispose of a frog 
much quicker than a perch. We have always found that 
frogs are the best bait in the morning and perch in the 
evening, and we have never been able to induce the bas's 
of Panther Lake to take anything, satisfactorily, in the 
middle of the day. Experience has taught us that it is far 
more remimerativc from g in the morning tmtil 4 in the 
afternoon to either do a little mountain climbing and get 
some of the most magnificent views within a couple of 
hundred miles of New York, or to while away the interim 
coaxing pickerel and big, perch out of the weeds. There 
are any quantitj^ of them to be caught, and coming ottt of 
cool spring water their flesh is hard and sweet, and makes 
an excellent morsel for the table. 
The way to get to Panther Lake is over the Delaware, 
Lackawanna & Western R. R. It is somewhere about 
fifty-five miles from New York, You take the main line 
to Waterloo and there change to the branch train which 
is in waiting. Tell the conductor that you are going to 
fish Panther Lake and want to be ptit oflf at Mr. 
Chrispell's. . All the conductors on this branch line are 
good fellows and sportsmen. If there is no one to get 
off or to take on at the flag station a quarter of a mile 
below, they will stop the train directly opposite Mr. 
Chrispell's house, where you have onl}' to walk across the 
road into his garden. By writing to Mr, Chrispell a few 
days in advance, you Avill find him waiting alongside the 
train when it stops with a healthy country smile and a 
warm welcome for you, also any quantity of information 
of where to go for the big fellows in Panther Lake, He 
has boats on the lake and will always get a man to row 
you if 3-ou so desire. Mr. Chrispell's post office addregs 
is Panther Farm, Aiidover, Sussex county, New Jersey. 
This is an exceedingly nice little spot for any one to 
stop for a day or two when he feels that he would like to 
have a tug of war with an exceptionally large bass. But 
no .sportsman must go here with the idea that he is going 
to get thirty or forty bass, or even twenty bass, a day; 
he is only likelj' to get t^ree or four in the morning, and 
as many again in the evening, but they will run anywhere 
from 3 to 6 or 7 pounds. 
About a mile below this lake is another known as 
Cranberry Lake. It is simply a large reservoir to feed the 
Morris and Essex Canal. It is an exceptionally good bass 
water early in the season, but in the fall we cannot recom- 
mend it,_. as it is simply a mud hole, the water of the 
lake having been drawn off during July and the early part 
of August to keep the canal full. 
August, 1900, " JamES ChurCHWARB, 
New England Waters. 
BosTONj Sept, I. — As the autumn days draw nearer a 
a great many trips are being planned. Mr. George C. 
Moore, of North Chelmsford, and Dr. French, of Boston, 
start this week for Cheyenne. Wyo., on an extended 
trip. They will stop at Cheyenne long enough to witness 
the annual round-up of cowboys, cattle and broncos, and 
the festivities of that occasion. They will try the 
shooting in Wyoming, and then go to South Dako'ta for 
prairie chiclcen shooting. Both are crack shots, and 
both love the shotgun and rifle. They will be absent 
several weeks. Deer hunting parties are already being 
prepared for many sections in Maine, and the general 
report is that deer are more plentv in that State than 
a year ago. Mr. A. T. Waite, of the Boston Ilerald 
staff, has just returned, with his wife and son. Master 
Courtland B. Waite, from a visit to the Upper Dam. It 
was the height of the boy's ambition to see a deer, and 
he saw one. With his father he visited Richardson Pond 
one day and saw seven deer. They also tried to jack 
photograph deer at night. The guide paddled them well 
up to a buck standing in the water. The old fellow took 
alarm and leaped for the shore. There he turned around 
and stamped his feet and snorted, to the great delight 
of the boy. His father turned the jacklight on to his 
majesty, and in a twinkling he was off, not even leav- 
nig time for any sort of a camera shot. But the boy 
almost wilted with envy or disappointment the next 
day. Chester Swett, who was guiding a party of fisher- 
men at his camps on the same pond, was out in a boat 
with a lady. They saw a deer swimming across the pond. 
Swett put after him Avith the boat and caught him. He 
hitched him Avith a fope and pulled for the shore. 
The moment the feet of the deer touched bottom he 
was up in the air and off. The lady was nearly drowned 
Avith his splashes. Swett had hold of the rope, but Avas 
twitched out of the boat arid up on the shore, nearly 
overturning the boat with the lady. He clung to the 
rope, and finally got the deer down. But in attempting 
to fasten his legs the guide Avas cut and kicked by the 
sharp hoofs till he Avas bloody and black and blue. At 
last the deer Avas tied and quiet, and S<.vett proposed 
putting him in the boat and pulling around to the camp. 
But the lady Avould not have it. Not much She did 
not propose to be upset by a Avild deer! Swett con- 
cluded to shoulder the deer and carry it across the woods 
to the camp. There the deer was fixed up and induced 
to stand and have his photograph taken. Since then he 
has been liberated, and is away in the woods. All this 
young Waite did not see, and hence his disappointment, 
Mr. Elmore C. Ayer, with his family, has been on a 
fishing trip to the streams in the neighborhood of The 
horks, Me. He found the trout fishing excellent, thouo-h 
It was mid-August. He was also pleased with the small 
hotel Avhere he stopped on the Canada road, a few miles 
above the Forks. There are reports of good bass fish- 
ing m the ponds at Lisbon, Me. Mr. Richard O. Hard- 
ing and C. H. Danforth and Avife are just in from a 
bass fishing trip U, Pine River Pond, North Wakefield, 
^. H. They took nine bass from 2% to 3^'^ pounds 
Mr. Danforth is so pleased with the fishing there and the 
location that he has gone back for another pull at the 
ss. _ Special. 
See the list of good things in Woodcraft in our adv. cols. 
The FOBEST AND STREAM is put to press each week on Tuesday. 
Correspondence intended for publication should reacti us at th^ 
late«t by Mon<1ay and as vnv^h ^Tli?r a* practicable. 
Hints on Grayling Culture. 
BY DR, JAMES A. HENSHALL. 
(Read before American Fisheries Society,) 
The successful culture of the Montana grayling and the 
safe transportation of grayling eggs, under proper condi- 
tions, are no longer matters of experiment. My first at- 
tempt, two years ago, to hatch and rear tlie grayling on 
the same lines as those usually pursued Avith trout, was 
almost a total failure, owing to a lack of suitable condi- 
tions and a want of experimental knowledge concerning 
the character of the eggs and habits of the fry. 
The published accounts of the experiments of Seth 
Green and Fred Mather with the Michigan grayling in 
1874 were both meager and unsatisfactory, and availed 
nothing ; nor Avas I able, consequently, to obtain any 
additional or definite information on the subject from Mr. 
Mather, who seemed to have forgotten all the details con- 
nected with his experiment. 
Both Green and Mather pursued the same method in 
hatching and feeding the grayling as Avith brook trout, 
which leads me to doubt that either of them succeeded in 
rearing the fry. 
In the first place, grayling fry cannot be reared in the 
hatchery in cold spring water, owing to its low tempera- 
ture, and the entire absence of natural food, for neither 
air nor food exists in spring Avater as it issues from the 
ground. 
Neither can the fry be induced to take the artificial 
food generally used for trout fry, to any great extent, in 
the hatching troughs. 
In my first experiments I Avas much chagrined and dis- 
couraged at seeing the diminutiA^e organisms curl up and 
drop dead to the bottom of the trough, notwithstanding 
a great variety of substances had been oft'ered to induce 
them to feed. 
At this time I Avas impressed Avith the apparent re- 
semblance of the grayling fry to the lake whitefish fry, 
both in size and appearance, which led me to think that 
they also requir(xl similar food. Upon examining the 
fry under the microscope I discovered that my surmise 
\yas correct, inasmuch as the grayling fry had two fang- 
like retrorse teeth in the upper jaAV similar to those in 
the lake Avhitefish fry. This fact at once solved the 
problem. It Avas imperative that they be supplied with, 
such natural food as is found only in the Avater of streams 
and lakes. « 
Acting upon this hint, I turned all the remaining fry 
into a sheltered, shallow bight of the creek that floAvs 
through the hatchery ground. There they did well for 
several weeks, when they sought other portions of the 
stream. 
In the following autumn I constructed a large pond and 
supplied it with creek water by a ditch 1,500 feet in 
length. From this pond I supplied the nursery ponds 
AA^th creek water. By holding a glassful of this water to 
the light hundreds of small crustaceans {Enfomostraca) 
could be observed, appearing to the naked eye like specks 
of dust, and this was just Avhat the grayling fry needed, as 
my subsequent experience proved. 
Another desideratum to be considered for grayling is 
the Avarmer temperature of creek Avater as compared Avith 
spring Avater. They also need sunshine. While trout 
fry usually seek the shady side of the ponds, the grayling 
fry prefer the sunny side. 
My method is noAV to transfer the fry, as soon as thev 
begin to swim on the surface of the water in the hatching- 
troughs, an(J^ before their yolk sacs are entirely absorbed, 
to the nursery ponds. They take kindly to the change, and 
at once begin foraging for their natural food of crusta- 
ceans, insect larva;, etc. They are extremely active for 
such small organisms, and pursue their minute prey un- 
ceasingly. Soon thereafter they can be taught to take 
liver emulsion, and still later they begin to eat each 
other, for they are as much addicted to cannibalism as 
the pike-perch fry. The only remedy for this proclivity is 
to provide twice as many fry as it is desired to rear, and, 
as soon as practicable, to separate the larger from the 
smaller ones. 
In stocking streams Avith grayling fry it is my opinion 
that they should be planted Avithin a fcAV Aveeks after 
they are transferred to the rearing ponds, or even as 
soon as they begin to SAvim freely, as is done Avith lake 
Avhitefish fry, provided that suitable places be selected 
in the stream. ShalloAV, Aveedy situations in the eddies or 
back Avater of the smallest tributaries should be chosen. 
There they Avoxdd find their requisite food, and be safe 
from the depredations of larger fishes. 
At our grayling auxiliary station some two million fry 
are planted each season in the adjacent creeks as soon 
as they begin to swim, and the result is very apparent 
the following autumn, Avhen the waters fairly swarm 
with grayling fry several inches long. The grayling 
is quite shy, and a wilder fish than the trouts, and cannot 
be so easily tamed— another reason in faA'or of their being 
planted early in life, 
A very important matter to be considered Avhen the fry 
are placed in the rearing pond is to see that there is 
no leakage in the drain boxes, and that the screens are 
caulked in their grooves, and the screens themseh^es 
reinforced by perforated tin of the smallest caliber, other- 
AVise many fry Avill escape. I have lost thousands from 
leaky outlet boxes, when, apparently, they were perfectly 
tight. But, as grayling fry Avill worm themselves, a't 
first, through a pinhole, it is evident that the utmost pre- 
caution must be observed to prevent their escape. 
Previous to the present summer I have had considerable 
trouble in shipping grayling eggs safely. The period of 
incubation being short, and the shipment occurring during 
hot Aveather, it seemed impossible, Avith ordinary means, 
to transport the eggs to a distance Avithout a loss of from 
25 to go per cent., OAving to the high temperature to 
Avhich they AA-ere subjected en route. 
Heretofore Ave have used the ordinary egg shipping 
case, Avhich. Avhile ansAvering well for trout eggs, has 
proved a failure, even when Avell supplied Avith ice, for 
grayling eggs. Last winter I devised and built a re- 
frigerator case that has proA'ed to be just the thing needed. 
A brief description of this case may not be amiss: The 
outside box is 30 inches square, and from 12 to t8 
inches deep, according to the number of eggs to bn 
cavried, mwi[ x{H,n of lighi stuff, say ''A imh thick, oi 
the same depth as the outer hex, and 27 inches square, 
without top or bottom, is provided. The space between 
the outer and inner walls is packed tightly with dry 
sphagnum moss or dry sawdust. The stack of egg trays- 
is placed in the center of the box, leaving a space about 
5 inches between it and the inner wall, which is filled 
with broken ice. On the top of the trays is a hopper, with 
perpendicular sides, 4 or 5 inches deep. The vertical sides 
of the hopper allow free access to the ice chamber aroiandl 
the stack of trays. The trays are 12 inches square on the 
outside and but inch deep. This permits twice as 
many trays in a stack as with the ordinary trout trays. 
The eggs are placed in a single layer on each tray and 
coA^ered with a piece of mosquito netting in the usual 
Avay, but no moss is placed over it, as grayling eggs Avill 
not admit of as much pressure as trout eggs; the outer 
membrane of the eggs is quite thin and easily ruptured. 
By this method of packing the trays are received at Boze- 
mari Station in as perfect condition as they leave the 
auxiUary station, after being subjected to a Avagbn haul of 
forty-five miles and 250 miles by rail, and at a tempera- 
ture not exceeding 40 degrees Fahrenheit. This has been 
also the condition in Avhich they arrived at distant points, 
according to reports received, even, as in some cases, when 
they were en route a Aveek. 
As a matter of experiment several trays of eggs were 
shipped but six hours after fertilization to Bozeman Sta- 
tion, with the result that fully 25 per cent, of the eggs 
hatched. Heretofore similar experiments with green eggs 
resulted in the loss of all the. eggs before their arrival. 
By maintaining a temperature of not to exceed 40 degrees 
Fahrenheit the development of the embryo is retarded, and 
the eggs can be safely shipped to any distance so long as 
this condition is observed. It is my opinion that grayling 
eggs can be safely shipped within one or tAvo days after 
fertilization, but this has yet to be determined by experi- 
ment. Should this prove to be true, it will be an im- 
portant factor where the eggs are to be shipped a long 
distance, requiring several Aveeks for the journey. 
An Enemy to Brook Trout. 
L\ the summer of 1899 a disastrous epidemic made its 
appearance among the brook trout in a Long Island 
hatchery. The first evidence of this was seen in May, 
Avhen the director of the hatchery found in one of the 
ponds a trout whose side Avas pierced by a clean-cut hole. 
This hole Avas thought at first to have been caused by the 
bill of some bird like a kingfisher, but later other dead 
fish Avere found with similar wounds, and after a time it 
became evident that some disease Avas at work, and 
during the summer the fish died at the rate of hundreds 
every day, until at last in December every fish in the ponds 
had died. 
In October the attention of Mr. Gary N. Calkins was 
called to the matter and an investigation begun. This 
showed that the disease Avas caused by a hitherto un- 
described genus o-f parasitic protozoa. This extremely 
loAv form of life belongs to the same class as the malaria 
germ, although the effects of the parasite on fish in no 
Avays resemble the effects of the malaria germ in man. 
The affected fish is sluggish in its movements and is 
evidently of diminished vitality, while holes like those 
above referred to frequently occur. Sometimes one or" 
both eyes have gone, in other cases patches of skin and 
the muscle lying under it have disappeared, leaving large 
holes or depressions in the body. Other fish still are 
Avithout fins or lower jaAvs. 
While the investigation Avas carried far enough to shoAv 
hoAv the disease acts and hoAV the fish becomes affected, 
tAvo very important points, its origin and its remedy, are 
as yet unknown. Mr. Calkins determined, hoAvever, that 
the spores of the disease are taken into the digestive 
tract of the fish, that they there develop into adults, Avhich 
are not more than one-thousandth of an inch of length, 
that these adults penetrate the muscle cells of the in- 
testine, that here spores are set free which are carried to 
all parts of the body and at different points form accumu-- 
lations Avhich prevent the natural nourishment of the sur- 
rounding tissues, which then die and fall out, leaving 
holes in the body walls. Mr. Calkins has named this 
parasite Lymphosporidium truttce. The matter is of the 
very greatest interest to trout breeders and anglers, and 
It may be hoped that further investigation will shoAV not 
only the cause, but the cure for the trouble. 
The Dam at Dennysville. 
Dennysville, Me., Aug. 21.— Editor Forest and 
Stream: Being a resident of Dennysville, from where 
Dr. Robert T. Morris writes, describing the conveniences 
and inconveniences of our little community, and, having 
noticed his article in the Forest and Stream upon the 
subject, I take the liberty to corroborate the same. In 
Avriting I do so from a sense of justice to the people in 
our community, Avho, for the past five years, have been 
compelled to look on and behold the AA^anton and dire 
destruction of that Avhich for, perhaps, ages past the 
Dennys River Avas noted, I have it upon the authority of 
old residents of the tOAvn that Dennysville enjoA's the 
reputation of being the. first river in the United "States 
(as early as 1832) where salmon were killed with the fly, 
I also Avrite with a hope in my heart that it is just 
possible that the agents of some society, established per- 
chance for such a purpose, may glance at my state- 
ments and investigate the same. Should they do so. I 
cannot but feel assured that they Avould find some method 
or means to restore the condition of affairs. 
Had I been in existence prior to or coincidental with 
Father Adam, and been consulted as to where, from the 
months of May until November, I desired the location of 
the Garden of Eden. I, Avithout a doubt, Avould have 
answered in favor of a location at or near by Dennys- 
ville. As a typical spot of nature, it is complete. Situated 
upon the west bank of the Dennys River, it lies extending 
back over a series of beautiful sloping hills, cool and 
pleasant as a Aiaryland i\Iay day throughout the whole 
summer long, and is indeed a veritable nineteenth century 
paradise. 
WqW^V^V* s^it« 0^ th.Q - facl t^iat two Washington 
