Oct. 20, t^oo.J 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
313 
told him the bait was pulling it "down, but wHen Hi line 
began to slowly unwind from the reel, we saw our mis- 
take. It kept going out until 20 yards were drawn oif and 
stopped, but no red pain.ed quill appeared on the surface. 
I said, "Strike him, George. He'll have that hook in his 
tail by this time." George struck him and tlien com- 
menced a good fight. When he was finally "rescued" from 
the water, he was a pickerel of 3 pounds, and was, of 
course, hooked beyond "redemption." We all got good 
fishing, and also got wet to the skin, as it rained and 
drizzled all day, but when we summed up our ca'.ch we 
found twenty-three bass, not any over 2 poundi weight; 
nine pickerel and four perch all weighing 32 pounds. So 
much for Oak Swamp in its low state. 
Who ever heard of house m:ce for a bait for bass ? Aji 
old fisherman told me it was the best bait for . them. T 
never tried it, but would if I had any. Does any one 
know anything from experience of this bait? I would like 
to hear. He said hook them through the skin, in the 
back and let them swim around. " Seldom. 
The October Voodcraft. 
The October number of the Game Laws in Brief anij Woodcraft 
Magazine contains the game and fish laws of the United States 
and Canada. The Woodcraft part has this capital list of con- 
tents : 
GRAN'THER HILL'S PA'TRIDGE. By Rowland E. Robin- 
son. 
IN THE FOREST. 
THE OLD CANOE, 
THE RE.SCUE OF MR. HUNDLEY. 
KELLUP'S ANNUAL. B" TetTf-rson Scribb. 
DEACON THROPE'.S PIGEONS. 
ANY I.ETTER.S FOR ME? Bv H. P. Ufford. 
TEHOS.'^EE T'^LAND. Pv OtJve F. Gnnbv. 
FT.ORTDA INDIAN DT^ER HfTNTERS ' 
AT CLCSE gUAK I EKS: The Hon. .S., the Plover and the Bull; 
A Nova Scotia Besr; The Panther's Screpm ; A Time with a 
Florida Allieator: The Owl'.<; Swnop; The Dog Climbed. 
THE DOG AND THE TTTRKEY. Rv Inl^n James Atidubon 
SENATriR VEST'S SimDAV PIGE'^N SHOot. 
AUSTR,^LIAN ROUGH-RIDERS. Bv R. BoldFewood. 
ImneL 
Fiztufca. 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Oct 30.— Seaecaville, O.— Monongahela Valley Game and Fish 
tToteCtiyc Association's sixth annual field trials. A, C. Peterson. 
Sec'y, Homestead. Pa. 
Nov. 7.— Hampton, Conn.— Connecticut Field Trials Club's field 
trials. J. E. Bassett. Spc'v. Box f?03. New Haven, Conn. 
Nov. T.—Jamesport, L. I., N. Y.— First annual field trials of the 
Pointer Club of America. R. E. VVestlake, Sec'y. 
.,?f?y' 7-8.— Lake View. Mich.— Third annual field trials of the 
Mjchigan Field Trials Association. E. Rice. Sec'y, Grand Rapids. 
Mich. 1- 
Nov. 12.— Bicknell. Ind.— Third annual field trials of the In- 
aegendent Field Trials Club. P. T. Madison, Sec'y. Indianapolis, 
Nov. 13--Chatham. Ont.— Twelfth annual field trials of the In- 
ternational Fipid Triats Cti;h. ^. B, Wells. Hon. Sec'y 
■ 13-— Harrisville, Pa.-Central Beagle Club's annual field 
Trials. A. C. Paterson, Sec'y. 
Riley. Ind.— Second annual field trials of the Riley 
I'leld trials Association. J. L. Graham, Sec'y. 
Nov. 16.— Newton, N. C.-Eastern Field Trials Qub's twenty- 
second annual field trials— Members' Stake. Nov. 19 Derbv 
Simnn C Bradlev. Ser'v. Greenfield Hill. Conn. 
Nov. 20.— Robinson, 111.— Illinois Field Trials Association's sec- 
ond annual fieM trials. O. W. Ferguson, Sec'y, Mattoon, 111 
Nov. 20.— Ruthven. Ontario, Can.— Second annual field trials of 
the North American Field Trials Club. F. E. Marcon. Jr,. Sec'y, 
Windsor. Ontnno, Can " •.'■>■ j- 
Nov. 27.— Glasgow. Kv.— Kentucky FieM Trials Club's annual 
field trials. F. W, .Samuel. Sec'y. Louisville Ky. . . 
Nov 30.--Newton. N. C— Continental Field Trials Club's sixth 
annual field trials— Members' Stake. Dec. 3. Derby. Theo 
-^P,'','^rJ'--'r^?"^- ^1''^-— Fourth p"niial fie'd tria's Of the Missouri 
Field Trials Association. L. S. Eddins, Sec'y, Sedalia, Mo, 
1901. 
-^J'!"- i*-.— '^'■senville Ala.— Fifth annual field trials of the Alabama 
Field Trials Club. John B. Rosenstihl, Sec'y. 
, J?"- 21-^I5ent'm County, 'Miss;— Tenth annual field tria's of the 
United States Field Trials Club. W. B. Stafford, Sec'v, Trenton 
Tenn. > - - 
BENCH SHOWS 
„?«^ov. 33-17.— Vicksburg, Miss.— First annual bench show of the 
West Mi.ssissipm Aericultural, Mechanical and Live Stock Ex- 
position. John Dewhurst. Sup). 
Nov. 2R-30.— Philf delphia. Pa.— Second annua' bench show of the 
Pbi'ade'phia Doe Show Assoriation. M. A- Viti, Sec'y. 
Dec. ft-lO.— Cincinnati. O.— Annual bench show of the Cincinnati 
Fox Terrier Club. J. C. Trohliger, Sec'y. 
1901. 
Feb. 26-March l.—Cleveland. O,— Cleveland Kennel Club's annual 
benrh show. C. M. Munhall, Spc'y. s 
March e-9.---Pitisbiirg Pa.-Duquesne Kennel Club's annual 
bench show. F. S. Stedman, Sec'y. 
Training: the Hunting: Dog 
For the FieM and Field Trials. 
VI.— Yard Breaking. 
The preliminary schooling of the dog. commonly 
called yard breaking:, consists in teaching- him the prooer 
acts of obedience in response to certain commands which 
are of general utility as well a.s special usefulness in con- 
trolliner him in his work afield and at other times. By 
establishing a habit of prompt and. cheerful obedience to 
these commands before the more serious training- in the 
work afield begins, it is readily apparent that a distinct 
educational gain is made. Incidentally, these preliminary 
lessons, by the onoortunities of companidnshio which 
they afford, establish the most friendly relations be- 
tween teacher and pupil, if they are kindly and sympathet- 
ically conducted. ■ 
Tn the first lessons, to concentrate his mind on what is 
bemg taught him even for a short time, is' exceedingly 
difficult and fatiguing to the doe; therefore the 
teacher would better set a definite limit' to the lessons 
say fifteen or. twenty mintites. He also should avoid 
acquiring the habit of constantly ^ bossing and nago-ing 
the minil between lessons. " .' 
Within the bounds of ordinary, everyday, discipline 
the puppy should be permitted to develop, unhindered in 
his own way._ .If he- is bossed. and Sullied incessantly he 
after a certain time loses all poycer of iridependent' in- 
itiative, and IS so dominated by his tutor that he is a mere 
unthinking machine. 
These suggestions as to over-4iscjpIine are quite as 
applicable when the dog is receiving his first experience 
on game as they are when he is receiving his yard break- 
ing. The subjugation of him to the entire domination of 
his trainer is undesirable at any time, and its most useful 
form is quite secondary to the dog's natural educational 
development. Yet many good dogs are annually spoiled 
or their best effort marred by rigidly restricting them to 
lines of action in their yard training which are deemed 
to be the correct ..thing when thej^ are actually working 
to the gun. 
While the trainer may have in mind the nice mariner in 
which the theoretical training will fit into the practical 
work, the dog is entirely ignorant that the training has 
any reference to anything at all. He recognizes that he 
is cramped and confined in his eft'orts, and if so treated 
till it becomes habit he exhibits slavish deference at all 
times. Without the ability or inclination to hunt game 
the dog is worthless for field purposes. Some dogs, if 
checked too much, perceive nothing then which appeals 
to their self interest, and consequently they lose all in- 
clination to search for birds. If the dog refuses to hunt 
it is beyond the power of any one to force him to do so. 
This is a point which the trainer should ever bear in 
mind — that is to say, it is the dog's self interest which 
impels him to seek game. If this factor is ignored alt 
incentive to effort on his part is thereby eliminated. 
While his natural impulse for the pursuit of birds and 
his enthusiasm in his efforts to capture them are so great 
that he will submit to much balking and punishment 
before he will desist, there is a certain limit beyond which 
he will not maintain interest and effort if the trainer is. 
over restrictive. 
In the yard training, as in the field work, the trainer- 
should teach and handle quietly. Turbulence in most 
instances denotes ill-temper or a badly disciplined mind. 
The loud and incessant issuing of commands and blowing 
of whistles, in season and out of season, with or without 
cause, are faults common to nearly all amateurs, and for 
that matter to nearly all professionals. The majority of 
trainers are self taught, so that bad habits of method 
and manner acquired in the beginning are likely to be 
retained by them throughout their jives. Habituated 
thus thoroughly to their own ways, they are quite un- 
conscious of the hullabaloo which they create, and of 
their offensiveness to such company as may be with 
them, and of the great handicap which they impose upon 
any dog which may be under their control. 
Boisterous shouting of orders and constant whistling 
are the cause of many flushes, and if the frightened birds 
be in the . proximity of the dog at the time, the noisy 
trainer is prone to consider that the dog is at fault rather 
than himself, who is really the guilty party. When so 
• noisily intent on securing obedience in an habitual 
hullabaloo manner, the trainer is generally lost to all in- 
xidental happenings, so far as they relate to his own 
faults; , 
Ii is not at all difficult to teach , a dog obedience to 
quiet commands and gentle signals, and it is infinitelv 
better to handle h im in that maniTer afield than in a 
t-nanner of. noise and violence, apart from all considera- 
tions of ease and elegance. 
..While being taught, the dog quickly learns the signs 
which indicate punishment and the signs which indicate 
that the teacher is pleased or displeased. Changes of 
voice and expression of countenance, whether of pleasure 
or irritation, are noted and correctly interpreted. It is 
therefore essential for the best progress in the lessons that 
the teacher preserve an equable exterior and action at all 
times, be he pleased or displeased. 
.In the summer days it is better to give the lessons in 
the early morning and evening, when the temperature is 
coolest. When the puppy is warm and panting he suffers 
much discomfort, and it is then difficult to hold his inter- 
est or attention. 
The puppy's mind, being immature and undisciplined, 
can compass only the simplest details*; therefore it is best 
to begin with the most elementary lessons. Thus his 
mind will be developed in a natural manner, and obedi- 
ence will be enforced without breaking his spirit or less- 
ening his self-confidence. As with the child in its first 
atternpts at learning, so it is with the puppy; it is ex- 
tremely difficult and wearisome for it to at first under- 
stand the simplest teachings or concentrate its mind on 
any subject which requires thought. Under such cir- 
cumstances, the amateur teacher shoidd not too hastily 
assume that the puppy is stupid. 
When teaching the first lessons it is better to be within 
a room or yard from which the dog cannot escape even 
It so mchned. Undoubtedly he will make many attempts 
to do so. It is good training to permit him to make 
such attempts with the resultant failures. Then after 
repeated disappointments, he will abandon them' when 
the lessons are given within an inclosed place. 
If the trainer commands the puppy to do something 
under such circumstances that obedience cannot be en- 
forced, and the latter then escrfpes or succeeds in dis- 
obeying, a very troublesome factor is thereby intro- 
duced. The advantages of disobedience are quicklv 
learned and remembered, and thereafter, when he is 
(lisinchned to obedience, if pressed to a degree which is 
displeasing to him, he runs away. 
In^ this connection it may be remarked that every pre- 
caution should be taken to prevent the puppy from run- 
^^y^y- for once he learns that he can escape, the 
difhculties of reducing him to subjection are many times 
niultiphed. This alone suggests the wisdom of refrain- 
ing from any attempts at training between lessons in 
places where the puppy is not confined within walls or 
tences. 
The lessons should end with some play and romping 
between teacher and pupil, so that there may be pleasant 
associations referring to it, in the mind of the latter at 
least. 
From his hours of play .wherein the puppy frisks and 
irolics as: he pleases hardly any fatigue ensues. He then ' 
IS following the simple impulses of his own mind which 
do not cause great nervous strain, overheating con- 
fusion or intense worry. He abhors lessons which are 
devoid of all amusement. If they are gently and 
amusingly given success is more progressive. After a 
time mental strength and stamina will develop and then 
longer lessons may be given without distressing him 
Later in thq training the powers of tl?e mind becorae'so 
much more, vigorous that the most difficult of the training 
lessons are learned with greater ease than were the far 
more simple beginnings. 
The commands to which obedience may be taught in 
the yard lessons are as follows: 
"Go On." 
The command "Go on" denotes that the dog is to 
start forward and work according to his master's pleas- 
ure. During the early months of the pupil's puppy- 
hood this command may be easily taught. It is readily 
accomplished by associating it with the act of freeing the 
puppy from his kennel, or uttering it at the moment of 
freeing him from the chain or lead strap when he is taken 
afield. 
When freed from either chain or kennel, he would "go 
on" whether the command were uttered or not, and this 
is the main reason that it is so easily taught when the 
pupil is still a tender puppy. It then is in entire con- 
sonance with his inclination, and he learns readily its 
import by associating it with freedom from all restraint. 
A motion of the hand forward, associated Avith it, is 
soon understood as signifying the same as the order, and 
is quite as promptly acted upon. 
If the puppy have any spirit at all, he takes unbounded 
pleasure on hearing the command "Go on," or on seeing 
the signal, either of which denotes that he is at liberty to 
romp at his own free will. 
"Come In." 
"Come in" denotes that the pupil is to cease all effort 
other than coming promptly and directly to his master. 
It IS not so easily taught as "Go on," for the reason 
that It nearly always runs counter to the pupil's in- 
clination. He is rarely inclined to give up the pleasures 
of free romping or other interesting purposes in which 
he may be engaged at the time that lie hears the order; 
therefore it in most instances is necessary to apply 
force to establish the desired obedience. Nevertheless, it 
should not be used till the puppy is properly matured 
and the formal yard training begins, inasmuch as it tloes 
not matter whether the puppy obeys promptly or not 
before that tirne. 
When the proper juncture arrives it is necessary to 
enforce the most thorough obedience to the command 
Come in"; otherwise no progress worthy of any con- 
sideration can be made in any branch of training. 
A disregard of this order denotes that the dog is under 
no control, No reluctant, hesitating or slovenly obedi- 
ence should be tolerated. It is one of the easiest com- 
mands to teach if the trainer is properly persistent and 
methodical, and yet there are few orders more commonly 
disobeyed or evaded. 
Pronounced obstinacy or disobedience must be cor- 
rected by force. It should be impressed upon the puppy 
that obedience to the order is uncompromisingly impera- 
tive; that nothing is left to his own inclination in this 
matter other than prompt obedience. The discipline 
established thereby in this one branch has a beneficent 
effect on all other branches of the training, since it es- 
tablishes a general domination of the teacher. 
The spike collar is the best instrument when the ap- 
plication of force is necessary. The description and uses 
of It, set forth in another chapter, should be read and 
carefully noted. It will accomplish the most desirable 
results when used m the parts of the dog's education to 
which it IS applicable; but, on the other hand, there is no 
instniment more harmful or capable of more brutal action 
than IS the spike collar when improperly applied 
The advantages cf the collar when used to tcrce the doo- 
to ' come in" are that it inflicts pain upon him at the 
time and place that he is guilty of disobedience. If he is 
standing at a distance from his handler he thereby has 
no immunity from punishment when the collar is on his 
neck. It forces him to come in, however much he may 
struggle against it. In the meantime, the trainer need 
not make any alarming demonstration in this respect it 
being quite different from the demonstration inseparake 
from the use of the whip. The force is so directly and 
promptly applied that the pupil associates it entirely with 
the act of disobedience. 
The whip is not even remotely a substitute for the col- 
lar in teachmg this order. If the puppy comes in and is 
whipped, he observes that punishment is the result He 
soon shows reluctance in coming in when there are 
grounds to suspect a whipping. On the other hand the 
collar forces him to obey, and then punishment ceases. 
II the trainer then caresses him. thereby indicating that 
he has done quit^ right, he quickly learns that obedience 
results in that which is pleasurable instead of that which 
is painful. 
The collar punishes the dog when he is in the act of 
disobedience; the whip punishes after he has obeyed 
Besides being promptly effective in establishing obedi- 
ence, the collar is permanent in its effects. 
Ihe manner of applying the collar is simple. It is put 
on the puppy's neck, with twenty or thirty yards of strong 
light cord attached to it. The trainer, holding the end 
01 the cord m his hand, trainer and pupil being any 
number of yards apart within the compass of the cord 
qmetly gives the order and pulls in the dog at the same 
time. The latter m all probability struggles and at- 
tempts to run away. In his furious struggles he may at- 
tempt to fight the collar. In any case the trainer holds 
him steadily till his flurry is all over. He soon becomes 
convinced that on his part the attempt to meet force with 
Torce is futile and painful. 
.■iw^t-'*"^™^^ anything more advanced should br made 
till the dog ceases struggling and is reconciled to yield 
to the force of the collar. This stage may require two 
or three minutes, or two or three lessons, according to 
the circumstances of the case, to prepare him for the next 
stage. When he ceases to struggle, give the command 
Come in and pull him within reach of the hand so 
that he may be petted and caressed, as if he had done a 
fine thing of his own free will, and so continuing till he 
has Recovered his self-confidence and composure 
the trainer next walks away, repeats the order and 
pulls the dog in again if he disobevs. The latter 'soon 
notes that the punishment is most likdy to occur when 
he IS away from his handler, and will endeavor to follow 
5rthi°' J ^^'>'^. ^^^^y- This anticip,t£n 
of the order may be guarded against by fastening a 
