314 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
lOcr. zo, iQQo, 
wooci^n:of 'iron pin foth^-c^^ 
collar and sticking it m the ground. The trainer then 
walks' away waits a few moments, gives the . order 
Smlv^^ the same time pulling on the cord, which m 
SJn p'uHs the pin out of tL ^-und, thereby pe,^^^^^^^ 
the dog to come in promptly if he will da sorv.ottier 
"'^iSrfeionsTourd be repeated till he will come in 
■ promptly to the order. Next, in a room or yard rom 
S'^he cannot escape, he may be drdled unthout he 
<ioliar.- • If he disobeys, it is put pn him, and the forcing 
^■rSi'fiSd'?!? will need^much farther disciplining in 
this as in other branches of his education, as the tempta- 
fon to act in his own way is a great incentive to dis- 
A^^pJoper composure and deliberation on the part of 
ihf t?ainer add greatly to the efficacy of;the lessons. 
^Hurry and sensekss violence do much to retard progress 
£d the purpose of the trainer in this as m all other 
/branches of the dog's education. 
■ , A long blast on the whistle is commonly used to 
[denote the same act as the command, and it is taught in 
'.precisely the same manner. 
Notwithstanding the ease and thoroughness with which 
it may be taught, there are few dogs which are^properly 
proficient in it. At field trials in particular, the p ace 
where one would expect to find the greatest perfection 
in matters of obedience, it not infrequently happens that 
is a laborious task for a trainer to brmg his dog m 
"during a heat or at the termination of it Some field 
trial handlers find it necessary to keep their dogs on cham 
to orevent them from breaking away at such times as 
they desire them to cease work. All this shows rank 
neglect of the proper discipline, though it has for a pur- 
pose the encouragement of the dog to remain out at his 
work, regardless of the whistling or ordering indulged in 
/ by an opposing handler. The handlers of such^dogs are 
satisfied to control them in any kind of slipshod nianner 
rather than to take the more troublesome and efficient 
■ method of teaching the command specially till it is thor- 
•ppghly inculcated as a matter of obedience^ 
.Ameadments to the Racing Rules. 
' "New" York, Oct. ii— Editor Forest and Stream: I 
■'dDn't agree with the opinion that sliding seats injure 
' canoHng I think that the dedine in canoeing was 
caused by unlimited and insufficiently limited sail area 
„ and. by standing sails, as all w^ho have cruised or raced . 
.will agree that a sliding seat makes the canoe more able, 
'■comfortable and dry. Before the sliding seat was m- 
, vented sail was unlimited; a small dandy and large mam- 
fSail were used on the prinicple that sail confined as much 
,;as possible to one sail gave speed, When the sliding 
, seat enabled larger sails to be used, they could not be 
iiuilt in this proportion and used efficiently, so both sails 
' were made about the same size. To balance sails and 
centerboard the trunk was placed so far aft that it filled 
' up the cockpit, making it liable to -catch one's toot 
,/against the trunk; so self-bailing cockpits were made a 
. practical necessity for safety as well as for comfort, as 
.canvas bags could not be used. 
' When sail was limited to 130ft., the amount still was 
• ,too' large to reduce the proportion of the mizzen to the 
mainsail very much, though I feel satisfied that Archbald 
.' did reduce it to some extent. Under the proposed amend- 
ment reducting it to iioft.. the sail can very largely be 
;.put in the mainsail, and the mizzen need hardly be con- 
..sidered in jibing, so it will be more easily carried, and the 
20ft. will not make very much difference in the speed. 
Regarding limiting sliding seat, I cannot see anything 
-gained by if, as any seat across the boat, fixed or sliding, 
-- even the width of the boat, will interfere with paddling; 
■' so the only side to look at it is from the sailor's side, and 
..,a light man needs a longer seat than a heavy man, and 
■ he is generally quicker and more active, therefore can 
■nise a longer seat better. To limit or do away, with the 
sliding seat will not prevent an athlete from haying an 
• advantage over others, as I have seen one sail bang 
' prostrate on his chest on the seat, with his head toward 
the boat, the rest of his body, from his chest do\vn, 
Straight out beyond the seat to windward, steering with 
his teeth. 
I think that doing away with the self-bailing cockpit 
and limiting a man's sails to one rig of two sails of iioft. 
' will be a benefit to canoeing. I also think that a canoe 
which upsets should be out of the race. 
.. Regarding the question of a permanent' camp site, I un- 
,-.derstand that the Association owns an island on Stony 
; '.Lake and the canoe islands on Lake George, and those 
who are interested in a permanent camp site have never 
'taken the trouble to find out what rights the Association 
has on these islands. 
I agree with Mr. Allen that the mess charge should be 
higher. . I would place it at $2 a day, as I think that this 
sum would force the majority of the men to have club 
• .,.and individual messes, and so bring the Association back 
- - to itS' original idea of a canoe camp. . I think also that 
.-the camp site committee should not sell any floors larger 
.V.thaniaby 12. ' 
. " Cannot the Association or Division arrange to pay 
the expense^ of hiring men to put the canoes in the cars 
before going to the meet, and take them out again at the 
meet, and put them in on the return from the meet? 
Henry H. Smythe, A. C. A. 1308. 
Winchester, Mass.. Oct. 8. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
The many proposed amendments to the racing regula- 
tions of the A. C. A. certainly show a desire to do 
y., something to either entirely change the type or else 
.awaken new Interest in the sport. As I understand it, 
fbe latter end is desired. I think that the principal cause 
' ' of the falling off in the entry list has been the fact of 
.,.,„t.he meet being held always at a great distance from New 
yprk.an'd Boston, I base this lipon a knowledge of the 
ITljmber of sailitig canoes— I mean racing canoes— ma- 
chines, if you will — within two hours' ride by rail from 
either of the above cities, as compared with the number 
in the Northern Division. I venture the statement that 
in the last ten years there have been ten racing canoes 
built in the Atlantic Division and five in the Eastern 
to one in the Northern, and yet the meet is five- times 
in the Northern to one in the Atlantic or Eastern. -In 
iSgoat Jessup'sNeck therewere over eighty sailing canoes, 
and over fifty started in the club race, and thirty-seven in 
the unlimited. The meet was within reach of the sailing 
men. I'believe the remedy is in having the meet once in 
every four or five years down in the sailing division's 
territory. It would not seem fair to the division which 
has held the trophy seven times in the last eleven years 
to leave it out of the list of sailing divisions; yet the 
Northern is the paddling division, and sailing has always 
been by individuals there rather than by clubs. 
We have here in Winchester a new wideawake lot of 
men who are intenselj^ interested in canoe sailing, and 
every week sees five or six canoes out at a time sailing 
over a triangle. Next year we hope to send a half dozen 
men to the meet, but the distance will deter many more 
from going. Probably next season will see a dozen 
racing canoes on the lake here, and if the meet could be 
held within half a day's journey the interest aroused 
would double our fleet. 
I am sure that it would be a serious mistake to rule 
out the sliding seat. It is more than a comfort. It is in- 
dispensable for any long sail or cruise. As for limiting 
it in length, that is a mistake, as it acts unfairly on a 
light man. I weigh iSslbs., and in '91 sailed with only 
a 3oin. seat. Butler weighs i2olbs., and with a 3oin. seat 
could not hold up 90ft. of sail in a wind in which I could 
carry 130. 
The smaller the limit of sail the- more unequjal the con- 
ditions become between light and heavy men. Put the 
limit down to iioft., and in a light breeze the light man 
would sail away from the heavy one; and in a blow the 
heavy man would have his turn, while the light man 
wouH reef. 
Why legislate against the fixed rudder? It is a harm- 
less thing, inoffensive, and gives its owner no advan- 
tage over the man who carries a drop rudder. It "is 
cheaper to make by about SO per cent., and is an incon- 
venience only in running ashore. Let any rhan carry 
one who wants to, so long as it gives him no advantage 
in a race over the other man who for his cruising consid- 
ers the drop necessary. 
As to standing sails, I have always until this sum- 
mer used a hoisting rig, and have only lately learned the 
joy of a rig without ropes to tangle, or jaws to break, or 
reefing gear to get out of order; and I shall always use 
it for sailing here. But if it seems that the standing sail 
has got to go, and the races be for cruising rigs, it is as 
fair for one as for another, and . we will use halliards 
without grumbling at the meet. 
I feel sure that the end is not to be accomplished by 
restrictions of the sort suggested. Far better make no 
new restrictions, but let the trophy be won only once by 
one. man; also the Dolphin trophy, and have a senior 
and junior class of entries. The juniors to be men who 
had never won either first record, trophy sailing'. Dolphin 
trophy, Pecowsic cup or trophy paddling. Then have a 
senior prize to be sailed for if there were three entries, 
and above all have a meet on this end of the, country^ or 
near Long Island Sound. Why not year after next, 
when the Eastern Division has its turn, hold the me^t 
at some one of the many big fresh-water ponds on Cape 
Cod, which would combine good camping and salt water 
within walking distance, as, for instance, Nine-Mile Pond 
and Centerville, only three miles from Vineyard Sound? 
Hermann Dudley Murphy, A. C. A., 1784. 
of. yacht .raciiig,. the:y jiave tnade certain rules of their 
9wriv''with.;6ne: hatj rfe'sdlt,-^ if no other, that the effect of 
the regular clut rules is weakened by such action on this 
part 01 the owners of the largest racing class. Whether or 
no the rumors, now current of irregularities in the ballast- 
ing, of others of the class as well as Rainbow have any 
substantial foundation, it is plain that the class has been 
a failure in more ways, than one. It certainly has hurt 
instead of hejpirig: the, establishment of a permanent racing 
class within the reach of individual owners. 
We learn from the Field that Shamrock is under orders 
to leave her moorings in the Garelach for Scott & Co.'s 
yard, Greenock, where her aluminum topsides will be re- 
placed by steel, being badly corroded. 
AccoRBiNG to the Yachting World, Mr. Lome C. Currie 
is having a yacht built from his own design to try against 
the one now in hand for him by Harley.Mead as a. chal- 
lenger for the Seawanhaka cup. 
As the exact conditions under which the new 70ft. class 
was raced through the season are not known except to 
those direcily concerned, it is impossible to pass ,a fair 
judgment upon the subject of the over-ballasting of Rain- 
bow, but there are certain general considerations which 
apply to the class. For obvious reasons yacht racing is 
carried on under a system of exact and definite rules gov- 
erning all possible details and contingencies; these rules 
being now uniform with slight exceptions among the 
leading yacht clubs. It is not only the duty, but to the 
direct interest of every yacht owner to do what he can to- 
ward perfecting these rules where they are weak and 
toward maintaining them to the letter as long as they 
stand on the books. The owners of the new 70-footers 
are among the most influential members of the New York, 
Larchmont, Seawanhaka and other large clubs. Their posi- 
tions as racing yachtsmen with means to build' in any 
class inakes it certain that more than ordinary deference 
will be paid to their ideas and wishes, and they certainly 
are or should be fully informed as to the' present condition 
and needs of yachting. In establishing a new class where 
one was so badly needed, between the international syndi- 
cate class of 90ft and the regular 51ft. class, ' they niight, 
had they so desired, have done a great dea:l fdr the ad- 
vancement of yacht racing. Had they proposed to the 
clubs the establishment of a new cla.ss of about the size 
of the 70-footers, but under regular club measurement and 
rules, even with special restrictions or design and fittings, , 
there is little doubt that their overtures would ndt:<5nly. 
have been accepted, but warmly welcomed as' a timely , 
step for the sorely needed revival of yacht racing. 
Instead of this they ignored the clubs and the 'escisting 
rules, and as individuals started, a one-design class that 
at best could have but a limited influence on yacht racing. - 
Apparently with no- regard to $he inter^ts pf the' clubs pT" 
The America Cup. 
The American people were treated to two surprises last 
week, one at least of an. agreeable nature, in the news that 
Sir Thonias Lipton had at last sent a new challenge for 
the America Cup. By no means as pleasant was the other 
information, that thrpugh a corner on pork, managed by 
the same gentleman, they might have to dispense with the 
succulent pork chop and tenderloin, to eat their buckwheat 
cakes without the sister institution of sausage, and even 
to take plain fried mush in place of the more nourishing 
and toothsome scrapple. We confess that for once at 
least our knowledge of what seems to be an important item 
of yachting news is at fault, and we are content to quote 
freely from the New York Herald, as follows: 
When Sir Thomas Lipton comes across the Atlantic 
with a new Shamrock, built to aid him in a second attempt 
to "lift the cup," it is exrtemely likely that he will be 
able to pay all the expenses of his new venture w th profits 
gained in commercial contests with Americans. His 
corner in pork bids fair to be so successful as to enable 
him to make Americans pay for his next yacht racing 
effort, and perhaps even for a third one, should the second 
be unsuccessful. 
Men in the provision trade all over the country are 
watching Sir Thomas' transactions in pork as keenly as 
the public watched the struggles of Shamrock and Co- 
lumbia when the Cup was last at stake. But it is in 
Chicago that the corner excites the most interest, for 
Chicagoans will find it necessary to pay the piper when 
the dance ends. 
They have sold the pork market heavily short, while 
Sir Thomas has quietly snapped up their offerings, and 
they have attained the unpleasant position of men who 
have sold a good deal more of a commodity than they can 
beg borrow or purchase, and are faced with the necessity 
of covering contracts in eighteen more days or making 
private settlements with the original buyer. Under the 
influence of those conditions pork has already jumped 
up about 33 1-3 per cent., or $4 a barrel. And the squeeze 
of the shorts is not yet ended. - 1 ,1. 
It now appears that Sir Thomas has so carefully laid his 
plans as to provide for the disposal of his purchases with-, 
out bearing the market to any great extent, thus avoid- 
ing the danger which menaces all manipulators of a corner. 
The shorts are believed to have sold at least 75 000 bar- 
rels of w-inter packed mess pork. Assuming that he has 
bought or contracted to buy only this amount — and it may 
be that his purchases are much larger^ — his prospective 
profit may be reckoned to a certain degree, as he is. 
credited with having bought at an average of $12 a barrel. 
The price is only $16 a barrel now, and should he unload 
at that figure it would net him not less than $,300,000 profit. 
But some old traders say that under present conditions, 
when Chicago provision men have contracted to sell, at 
much less than prevailing prices, more than twice as much 
j?ork as they possibly obtain, pork may be- forced much 
higher. If he can settle his contracts at a basis of $10 
profit on the barrel his total gain will be three-quarters of 
a million. 
''The port market has been oversold," said a represent- 
ative of Mclntyre & Marshall yesterday. "Shorts have 
made contracts to 'deliver vastly more of the staple than 
they can get their hands on and will have to settle with 
Sir Thomas as best they may. It looks as if he had 
his corner so securely in hand that a big profit is inevitable. 
It is a natural corner. The shorts have brought it on 
themselves." 
Prices for the last few weeks indicate how frantic have 
been the efforts of the men who oversold the market to 
cover their contracts. During the first half of September 
mess pork averaged about $11.50 a barrel. During the 
latter half it. averaged about $12. In the first five days of 
October it climbed from $12.57 to $14.50, gaining $1.40 
.on Oct 5. On Oct. 6, last Saturday, the shorts appeared 
to make a united and disastrous effort to cover, for their 
competing bids forced up the price in the half day's trading 
to $17 a barrel. The market has been quieter this week, 
and mess pork closed yesterday at $16. 
What, makes the position of the shorts peculiarly un- 
desirable and that of the British yachtsman and merchant 
peculiarly the reverse is the fact that new mess pork is 
somewhat scarce just now. The stocks reported to the 
Chicago Board of Trade at the close of business Sept. 30 
were -only 35,193 barrels, and almost all the new me.ss pork 
in stock is in Chicago. A good approximate estimate of 
■the aggregate of new mess pork in the stocks of all West- 
ern cities, would be 38,000 barrels. This means pork of 
the contract grade, packed since Oct. i, 1899, which is 
the sort the shorts have agreed to furnish to Sir Thomas 
to the extent of 7S,ooo barrels. 
Meanwhile, though Sir Thomas declares his intention 
of not being hard on Chicagoans at his mercy and his 
desire not to cause any failures, he is taking care not to 
let the shorts buy much of his pork. 
, He had to face a dilemma, whether to hold the pork 
and run the risk of breaking the market when he tried 
tp sell at the end of the month, or to let the shorts buy. 
aitd thus prevent his comer from having full swing. 
.'-He was. shrewd enough to find a third course, which 
will,. gr;eatly help him to build Shamrock IT. 
"Bir. Thomas has hit upon the expedient of selling some 
of the pork he wanted to unload to the cotton pickers of 
the SoutU" said E. H. Dougherty, 'who is an authority in 
the pr'dvision trade, yesterday. "In this way he pre- 
. vented it froni. getting into the hands of the shorts, many 
of wlioo> will he forced to make a private settlement with 
him. It looks as if he could not fail to win. although 
I doubt if his profit will be so high as $10 a barrel. _ He 
says he has- no dispoeition to be severe, but he is in S( 
positioi^ 'bfr-s© if he wants to.; 
