!t^ov. 3, i900.]i 
FOREST AND - STREAM. 
3S 
Yacht Racingf Association of Massachtisetts* 
The ¥; 'S.. A. of Massachusetts held a ttieetmg at the 
i^arker Howscj Boston, on Oct. i8. President A. H. 
Higginson being in the chair. The following amende 
ment to Article 3 of the by-laws was adopted: "Sec. 3. 
Association members shall be eligible to office, and if 
'elected shall haA-e alT the rights pertaining to the office." 
This disposes of a contingency which occurred this year, 
Mr. Henry M. Faxon, the delegate of the Quincy Y. C. 
being elected vice-president, and later on the Quincy 
Y. C. withdrawing from the Assodatign', leaving him 
with., no official standing. Under the amendment asso- 
'ciate members arc eligible to office, but only club dele- 
gates have the riglit to vote, The following amendment 
w,as passed, to meet the violatioii of the spirit of the rule 
limiting jibs: 
"The perpendicular shall be the height I'rom a point 
half way between the upper side of the sheave oftlieupp.er 
block of the halyard of the working jib and the upper 
side of the uppermost jib top.sair or spinaker halyard 
block to a point on the forward side of the foremast 
i8in. above the decic. No j'^acht when close hauled shall 
carry any jib larger than the working jib for which she 
has been measured." 
An amendment relating- to prizes and measurements of 
winners was not adopted. .A. resolution was adopted tO' 
the efifect that the Association condemns the use of 
trusses and turnbuckles by which the measured length of 
a yacht may be altered from time to time. The Executive 
Committee was instructed to prepare a method of meas - 
uring mainsails, to be presented .at a future meeting. 
Lake Skiff Sailitig Association. 
The ninth annual meeting of the Lake Skiff Sailing 
Association was held at the RossLn House, Toronto,- on 
•Oct. 21, with President Frank E. Walker in the chair. 
Seven clubs were represented. The report of the presi- 
dent and that of Secretary-Treasurer G. R. Judd showed 
a very prosperous year. The delegates from Hamilton 
ofifered a rule, which was adopted, to the effect that in 
all Association races the skiff finishing first must be 
measured immediately after the race by two oilficial 
mea.surers appointed by the president. It was also de- 
cided that all deadweight must be placed amidships in 
measuring. The folloAving officers were elected: Presi- 
dent, E. K. M. Webb, Royal Canadian Y. C.; Vice-Presi- 
dent, G. F. Birely, Royal Hamilton Y. Secretary- 
Treasurer, R. Slee, Queen City Y. C; Executive Com- 
' mittee, G. R. Judd, Royal Hamilton Y. C; John Morris, 
Victoria Y. C; A. J. Phillips, Queen City Y. C; F. J. 
Campbell, Roj^al Canadian Y. C; J S. Ellis, National 
Y. and S. C; W. A. Watts, Parkdale S. C; R. T. Cuff, 
Royal Toronto S. S.. C. 
Mr. Walker's_ services to the Association during the 
three years of his office as president were recognized by 
a special vote of thanks, The date of the WaU<er cup was 
set for July i. 1901, at Hamilton. . 
YACHTING NEWS NOTES. 
CoLONiA II., Steam yacht, formerly Alberta, has been 
sold by Com. Postley to F. G. Bourne, owner of the 
steam yacht Reverie. 
m n n 
On Oct. 21 a lire broke out at the Herreshoff Works, 
Bristol, and a storehouse, with its contents of yacht 
gear, lumher, etc., was destroyed. The 36-footer Effort 
and the 30-footer Sirocco were badly injured, and two 
catbo.ats were destroyed. 
Cincinnati Rifle Association. 
The following scores were made in regular competition by mem- 
bers of the Cmcmnati Rifle Association at Four-Mile House Read- 
ing- road,_^Oct. 28. Conditions, 20<)yds., off-hand, at the standard 
target. Oindele was declared champion for the day with a score 
Gindele S 10 10 S 9 10 10 8 10 10—93 
10 9 8 8 9 8 10 9 10 7—88 
„ ^_ 10 9 8 9 10 10 10 6 6 7—85 
Roberts 10 7 10 9 7 10 10 10 7 10—90 
8 7 9 9 9 10 6 10 10 8-86 
■ 7 9 9 10 8 7 6 10 9 8—83 
rayne 10 10 6 9 8 9 8 8 10 8—86 
9 8 8 7 7 10 9 7 10 9—84 
_ 6 10 8 10 6 10 9 8 8 7—82 
Drube 10 8 10 9 6 10 7 8 7 6—81 
79S66S5 10 10 6—75 
„.,. 97786954 10 9—74 
Stnckmeier 7 6 7 10 8 7 8 7 10 9—79 
8 5 8 10 -7 10 5 7 8 9—77 
9 9 8 5 7 10 7 4 8 5—72 
Jonscher 9 9 5 5 10 S 7 9 9 7—78 
6 6 8 10 5 6 9 10 5 8—73 
. 679698578 7-72 
Irounstine S S .8 .5 6 9 5 10 10 S— 77 
8 5 6 , 4 10 10 10 5 8 7—73 
. , . 4 7 10 9 6 10 in 9 5 9-79 
Wemheimer S 9 10 4 8 4 8 7 9 10—77 
78 10 667977 8—75 
97 6769 4,73 8-66 
Lux 5 7 9 10 5 5 9 9 10 5—74 
558866996 8—70 
^ 776785 4 96 9—68 
Topf 8 5 5 6 9 7 7 9 7 7—70 
798178675 8—66 
83961 10 7 79 2—62 
-Medicus Gun Club's live-bird shoot; 
Fixtufes. 
Nov. 1. — Chillicothe. O,— ^Scioto Gun Club's fall tournament. 
James McVicker, Sec'y. 
Nov, 9.— St. Paul, Minn. — Seventh annual live-bird handicap at 
St. Paul Shooting Park. Main event at 25 live birds, $15 entrance; 
$50 added. Contest for the Hirschy cup. W. R. Brown, Mgr. 
Nov. 10.— Newark, N. J.— Contest for E C cup, emblematic of the 
inanimate championship of New Jersey between F. E. Sinnock, 
holder, and Mr. G. H. Piercy, of Jersey City, the challenger, on 
the grounds of the East Side Gun Club. 
Nov. 10.— Newark, N. J.— Merchandise shoot of the Forester Gun 
Club. John T. Fleming, Sec'y, 21 Waverly avenue. 
Nov. 13. — Dexter Park, -Brooklyn.— Under auspices of the Grieater 
New York Gun Club; three-rten team race; 20 live birds per man; 
29yds. Members of any organized gun club in the U. S. are 
eligible. Commences at 2 P. M. Sweepstake shooting commences 
at 10 A. M. Mr. L. Schortemeier and Dr. A. A. Webber, managers. 
Nov. 13-14.— Osceola, ■ la.— Amateur tournament of the Osceola 
Gun Club, D. K. Douthett, Sec'y. 
Nov. 13-15. — Minden, Neb. — Mi&den Gun CJuId's tournament. 
Nov. 13-16.— St. Thomas, Ont.— Tom Donley's tournament; live 
birds and targfcts. ^in^i 
No^. 14-16. — Springfield, 111.— Two-day target tournament of the 
Illinois Gun Club; open to all. Chas. T. Stickle, Sec'y. 
Nov. 23.— Hackensack Bridge and Rutherford Road, N. J.— 
Under auspices of the Moonachie Gun Club; three-men team race; 
20 live birds per man; 29yds. Members of any organized gun club 
in the U. S. are eligible. Commences at 2 P. M. Sweepstake 
shooting commetlces at 10 A. M. Mr. L. H. Schortemeier and 
Dr. A. A. Webber, managers. 
Nov. 27.— Toledo, O.— East End Gun Club's merchandise shoot. 
Nov. 29.— Milwaukee, Wis,— South Side Gun Club's tournament. 
A. D. Cropper, Sec'y. 
Dec. 11-14.— Watson's Park, Burnside Crossing, 111.— Annual live- 
bird tournament, John Watson, Mgr. 
Newark, N. J.— South Side Gun Club, target shoot every Satur- 
day afternoon. 
Chicago, 111.— Garfield Gun Club's trophy shoots, second and 
fourth Saturdays of each month; live-bird shoots every Saturday. 
Grounds, West Monroe street and Fifty-second avenue, 
CONTESTS AT INTERSTATE PARK. 
Nov. 6. — Interstate Park.- 
open to all. 
Nov. 7, 14, 21, 28.— Interstate Park.— Live-bird championship; 
25 birds; handicaps 25 to 33yds.; $10 entrance, birds extra; sweep 
optional; open to all; money instead of trophy. 
Nov. 16.— Interstate Park.— Medicus Gun Club's target shoot; 
open to all. 
Nov. 22.— Interstate Park,— Medicus Gun Club's live-biid ?hoOt;' 
open to all. 
Nov. 27.— Interstate Park.— Medicus Gun Club's live-bird shoot; 
open to all. 
Dec, 5.— Shoot-off of the winners of thp November events, with 
$20 .in gold to the winner. 
Interstate Park, L. I.— Fountain Gun Club's regular moQthly 
shoots, the third Thursday of October, November and December. 
ititerstate Park, Queens.— Weekly shoot of the New Utrecht Gun 
Club — Saturdays. 
Interstate Park, Queens, L, I.— Two miles beyond Jamaica, on 
L. I. R. R. Trains direct to grounds. Completely appointed 
shooting grounds always ready for matches, club shoots or private 
practice. Cafe and hotel accommodations. 
Monthly contest for the Dewar trophy till June, 1902; handicap; 
25 hve birds; $5 entrance. First contest took place June 20, 1900. 
DRIVERS AND TWISTERS. 
The Garden City Gun Club, Chicago, III., has issued through 
Its secretary, Mr. H. Levi, the following circular letter to its 
members: /'The next regular shoot of the Garden Citv Gun Club 
will be held Saturday, Nqv. 10, 1 P. M., for the usual two gold 
medals and. .$!> cash prizes. In addition we will shoot for the 
handsome silver loving cup presented by our fellow club member, 
Mr. O, H. Porter, which can now be seen at T. L. Van Uxen's 
'Twenty-five birds, with extra handicap birds to shoot at. 
the birds you shoot at in the regular club event will also count 
in the cup event. Ties for cup at 10 birds, with extra handicap 
bird.s. John Watson adds .'i!5 cash for second high gun, and the 
club gives $5 extra for next gun. Remember the cup becomes 
the personal property of the winner. Everv member owes it to 
Mr. Porter and the club to be on hand to' try to win the cup. 
If you are contemplating going awajl, be here that day sure. Will 
arrange to let you get through early, if wanting to catch a train 
to go quail shooting Nov. 10." • 
•t 
The programme of the Ossining'Gun Club's Thanksgiving Day 
shoot presents events at live birds and targets, to be held on the 
club grounds, Sing Sing, N. Y., commencing at 10 A. M.. The 
live-bird events, open to all, will be shot first. No. 1 is at 5 birds, 
$5; No. 2, 7 birds, $7; birds included in each event at 20 cents 
each; class shooting; handicaps 25 to 31yds. There are fifteen 
target events, nine of which are at 10 targets, four at 15 targets, 
one at 20, and one at 20 doubles, a total of 190 targets, with a 
total entrance of $15. Tai-gets 2 cents in programme events. Manu- 
facturers' agents may shoot for targets only at 1 cent each. Re- 
freshments served free to out-of-town shooters. Loaded shells can 
be obtained. Send shells to L. A. Sherwood, Sing Sing, N. Y. 
The officers of the club are: President, F. Brandreth; Secretary, 
Win. P. Hall; Captain, Chas. G. Blandford. 
Mr. Edmund H. Osthaus, the famous painter of field scenes, has 
unlimited versatility in the practice of his profession. He has 
with distinguished success portrayed scenes with dog and gun 
which for fidelity and technical accuracy are uncqualed. His 
more recent work of this character is a painting 20 by 15 portray- 
ing two shooters who have .just arrived at the scene of the day's 
shoot. One is taking a supply of shells from the .rear end of 
the wagon, while the other, gun on shoulder, holds two dogs in 
leash, one a setter, the otlier a pointer, and both with the spirit 
and life-like character which is characteristic of Prof. Osthaus' 
work. This picture was made for the American E C & Schultze 
Gunpowder Co., which has had it reduced to a size for their 
envelopes and letterheads, which it beautifully adorns. 
Concerning the reorganization of his club, Mr. George F. Titus 
writes us as follows: "After a long dormant period the Norwalk, 
O., Gun Club has reorganized, and with the admission of new 
blcod the club starts out with a larger active membership than it 
has ever had. The club grounds are located west of the city, near 
the electric line, and are considered as fine as is possessed by any 
club in the State. A set of three expert traps has been put in, 
housed in a brick waterproof pit. The officers are: President, 
George F. Titus; Vice-President, Geo. HT. Gates; Secretary-Treas- 
urer, W. J. Bascom; Captain, Frank Reily. Club shoots are held 
every Thursday afternoon, to which visiting .sportsmen are 
cordially welcomed." 
In the contest for the Dupont champion-ship trophy at Balti- 
more, Wednesday of last week, Mr. R. A. Welch was victor, being 
one of three to score 25 straight at 30yds. Mr. J. W. Postans (.Mus- 
grave), of Headley, England, who has been shooting at Interstate 
Park for some weeks past, and Mr. R. L. Peirce were in the tie 
on 25 with Mr. Welch. In the shoot-off at 10 birds Mr. Welch 
killed straight, while Mr. Postans missed his 10th bird. This left 
Mr. Welch the victor. The three in the tie used Schultze powder. 
Mr. AVelch used a Parker gun, as did Mr. J. G. Ward, of Paris, 
Ky., who recently won the championship of his State, at Louis- 
ville, Ky., making a total of 76 straight kills in the different events, 
and returning home with an unbroken record at that shoot. ' 
•6 
In the contest for the championship of Philadelphia, held on the 
grounds of the Keystone Shooting League last Saturday, seven 
killed the 10 birds, namely, Henry, Wharton McCoy, Bucknell, 
Geikler, Hobbs and Darby. In the shoot-off at 3 birds Henry 
killed 18 more, straight, Hobbs holding him level to the end of 
the 15th round. Mr. E, D. Fulford was a visitor, and participated 
in the first event, killing his 10 straight. He used a single trig- 
^ ger Remington, which excited much interest. When he left he 
' had an order for a new set of Fulford's traps. 
•6 
The dates of the East Side Gun Club's members' live-bird shoots 
for 1900-1901 are Nov. 22, Dec. 27, Jan 24, Feb. 28 March 28, 
April 2a, May 23 and June 27. Two have already taken place, 
Sept. 27 and Oct. 25. Extra live-bird shoots Nov. 6, Dec. 25, 
Jan. 1, Feb. 12 and 22, and May 30. Inanimate target shooting 
on the second Thursday of each month. The best eight out of 
ten scores to count for the prizes, amounting to $50, to be divided 
among classes A and-B. Class A 29vds., Class B, 27yds. 
•t 
Before the event for it was completed at Baltimore last week 
Mr. J. A. R. Elliott challenged Mr. R. A. Welch to contest for 
ihe Dupont trophv, but the challenge did not hold good, for the 
reason that a challenge under its conditions was not valid if made 
before a race, in progress, was finished. Mr. T. W. Morfey 
challenged for it after the race was finished, and his challenge was 
accepted. Owing to Mr. Welch's desire to take a shooting trip 
of some weeks' duration, the race vyjU probably be postponed till 
mid-December. 
In the competition for the Peoria Herald trophy, Oct. 24 on 
the grounds of the Peoria, 111., Gun Club. J. C. England defeated 
eight competitors. The contest was at 25 live birds, and three, 
Messrs. Hall, England and Barston, tied on 24 kills. In the shoot- 
off, miss-and-out, England won in the 10th round. 
Elsewhere in our columns the full programme of Mr. John 
Watson's shoot is published. It takes place on Dec. 11 to 14, 
Burnside Crossing', III. 
■S 
Under date of Oct. 26 Mr. Edward Banks, Secretary of the E C 
& Schultze Gunpowder Co., writes tis: "Mr. F. E. Sinnock, of 
Newark, N. J., informs me that he accepts Mr, G. H. Piercy's 
challenge for the E C cup and inanimate target championship of 
New Jersey, and names Saturday afternoon, Nov. 10, and the 
grounds of the South Side Gun Club, of Newark, as the date and 
place for holding the match." , i 
« 
The final shoot for the October cup of the Crescent Athletic 
Club resulted in a victory for Mr- Edward Banks, so far as the 
total of the three best scores of the month were concerned^ al- 
though Mc. H. M. Brigham scored 49 to Mr. Banks' 45, the latter 
being the only scratch man. This is an exceptional win, as the 
scratch man has to average high form, there being no margin for 
erratic performance. 
■I 
In the fourth team contest of the Schortemeier- Webber series, held 
at Interstate Park on Oct. 26, the Emerald Gun Club was vic- 
torious with a score of 53 out of a possible 60, The East Side 
Gun Club, of Newark, was a close second, being but 1 bird less. 
The next contest of this series will be held at IJexter Park 
on Tuesday, Nov. 13. 
Bernard Waters. 
At Holmesborg Junction« 
The grounds of the Keystone Shooting League at Holmesburg 
Junction, Philadelphia, Oct. 27, were the center of attraction of 
shooting matters in that section. There were two contests of 
special interest, namely, the championship of Philadelphia and the 
championship of the league. The scores were high from a com- 
bination of good shooting and easy birds. 
The conditions of the championship of Philadelphia are: Ten 
birds, 29yds., $2.,')0, sweepstake, A. S. A. rules. Dr. G. Darby was 
the victor in the last contest two weeks ago. He had sixteen 
challengers to compete against on Oct. 27, of whom Henry, 
Wharton, McCoy, Bucknell, Geikler and Hobbs killed straight, 
a feat which he also performed himself. The tie between the 
seven straights was shot off at 3 birds per man, and the birds 
were stronger and better. The scores show the results. Hobbs 
made a sensational kill of a towering driving twister in the 15th 
round. 
Bucknell 1211221212—10 
Davis -.1101122222—9 
Leedom 2021111111--- 9 
Geikler 2222222222—10 
Budd 2220222122— 9 
Felix 012**12222— 7 
Hobbs -..1222222122—10 
Russell 0211121*11— 8 
Fulford 2222221122—10 
Henry 1121222211—10 
Sanford 2212*11122— 9 
Vandergrift 1110222121— 9 
Wharton 1221111122—10 
Van Loon 1222222022— 9 
McCoy 2222222222—10 
Stevenson 2222220*w 
Brewer 2222202221— 9 
Darby 2221222222—10 
Tie contest: 
Henry 221 
Hobbs 221 
McCoy . . 222 
Geikler 222 
Bucknell ..Ill 
Darby 212 
Wharton 220 
League championship trophy, emblematic of the 
championship of the league; 10 birds. The scores: 
111 
222 
222 
20 
20 
0 
111 
222 
112 
222 
122 
222 
212 
0 
handicap 
Budd, 30 122222*122— 9 
Vandergrift, 30 2011122122— 9 
Hobbs, ,30 2122122202— 9 
Wharton, 29 0211021102-^ 7 
Van Loon, 29 2221022222— 9 
Stevenson, 29 1111012211— 9 
Leedom, 27 lllOOOw 
Bucknell, 29 1122122022— 9 
Davis, 28 1211221220— 9 
Brewer, 30. . 2122222022— 9 
Darby, 29 2221222222—10 
McCoy, 30 .2122222222—10 
Henry, 30 1221201122— 9 
Thurman, 30 220022Z220— 7 
Russell, 29. 2121112102— 9 
Geikler, 28 2222222222—10 
Hauff, 28 21120*0012— 6 
Jamestown Gon Club. 
Jamestown, N. Y,, Oct. 24.— A magautrap was used to throw 
the targets in the competition at the Jamestown Gun Club's tournaT 
ment to-day. No. 2 was a merchandise event. The scores: 
Events : 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1.0 11 12 13 14 
Targets: 10 15 10 10 25 15 20 10 10 15 15 10 15 15 
4 .. 12 
8 22 13 19 
5 13 9 14 
8 17 8 16 
8 19 11 13 
6- .. 
8 9 13 11 10 13 13 
9 .. 7 6 7 .. 
7 5 11 12 7 12 13 
8 10 12 13 . . 11 12 
7 6 14 13 6 12 7 
5 6 16 
9 0 5 9 
6 9 8 
7 14 . . . . 
7 14 7 . . 
5 
6 14 8 16 
..-..13 9 
6 12 . . 12 
5 .. ^9 
5 , .. 
6 5 11 .. 6 .. 
8 9 9 10 .. 10 
3 12 12 8 .. 
8 12 
,. •8' 
10 
Walker 7 6 7 
• Bartlett : 10 13 11 
Holstein 5 8 12 
Shelley 8 11 11 
Kirkover 8 10 10 
Mason ^ 5 7 
Babcock '4 10 
Altice ■ 7 . . 
Coleman S 
Durrell 10 .. 
Scott 8 . . 
Hamilton , < 8 ^ . 
W J Graff ...w^^.* ,.7 9 
Mason 9 .. 
Bonsteil 10 11 
Adams 4 
Morrison : .. .. 6 19 11 10 
Fretts 5 
C Jones 11 11 _ _ 
Rawson . * 8 , , 
Cowan 7.. 9.. 5.. 5 
Reed 6 4 8 
A H Graft 6 .. .. 
Bonton 3 . . 
Hanchett 3 .. 10 
C G Jones 6 ,, 9 
Team race for trophy cup : 
Jamestown— Altice 16, Morrison 19, Graff 14, Bonsteil 12, Bartlett 
22; total 83. 
Dunkirk— Scott 14, Durrell 14, Holstein 13, Shelley 17, Kirkover 
19; total 77. 
National Gun Club. 
MtLWAUKEE, Oct. 27.— Herewith are the scores of the National 
Gun Club prize shoot, which took , place on Oct. 26 at National 
Park in this city, the same being the tenth monthly shoot m this 
3'ear ; 
Case 
Wm 
Oliver 
Wm Sc 
Becker 
Klapiiiski 
First event. 
Second event. 
2002200121— 
6 
2111110211- 
- 9 
,0211011112— 
8 
2021121212— 9 
2222200020— 
6 
0222220021- 
— 7 
1001100220— 
5 
.2202202111— 
8 
.1222022221— 
9 
2121222221— 
10 
liiiiiiiii- 
-10 
0022122110— 
7 
2222101012 
8 
,0221112110 
8 
.1010121111 
8 
2221120112- 
- 9 
1002011220— 
6 
1202102111 
8 
2012210221- 
- 8 
,0010000022 
3 
0101220020- 
- 5 
0222222222 
9 
1000010010 
3 
2000120211- 
- 6 
2112202211— 
9 
2111111021- 
- 9 
2111212112- 
-10 
LiND i;EY Collins, Sec'y. 
Louisville Gun Club. 
Louisville, Ky., Oct. 27.— The scores made in a 50-bird contest 
for the cup presented by Mr. R. S. Waddell, of Cincinnati, follow. 
TThe entrance was $12.50, birds extra; 30yds. boundary; handicap 
rise; class shooting. The weather was favorable and the birds 
good. D. L. Miller made the high score, the excellent per- 
formance of 48 out of 50. 
R. S. Miller, the winner, used Leader .shells, 47grs. Schultze and 
I140Z. No. 7. 
H Lyons, 30 *22201212212222222122222222222222222222222*222222^7 
Dr Cartledge, 28' 112022*1 0101222222212*11221112221121 22112*220220 w 
D Miller. 29 2121222122211220222222111222*212222222222212222122—48 
W Lambert, 28. . .222*2121 0020222222212222022201220 w 
S Hutchings, 29 . 222222222222101*2222202*2222212222222102221 2221222—44 
W Churchill. 29. . *2101221201**2222222101122211122112121122221122222-44 
Dr Duncan, 29. . .212*22222201212*21221122222212222211212n2222i*122^ 
Trenton Shooting Association. 
Trenton N. J.. Oct. 24.— No. 3 was a merchandise event, a handi- 
cap. In the shoot-off Coates won first. No. 4, also a merchandise 
event, was won by Van Arsdale in the shoot-off- 
Events: 12 3 4 
Targets: 10 15 * 25 * 25 
Mickie 7 13 5 21 7 25 
Coates 5 10 7 21 7 23 
Hall 8 .. 7 25 10 24 
Thropp 3 11 .... 10 26 
Van Arsdale... 6 12 4 25 5 25 
Thomas 5 15 S 22 4 25 
*Handicap allowances, included in the 
event which are in the next columns, 
Events : 
Targets: 
Camp 
Cole ...... 
Burke . . . . 
Applegate 
4 
* 25 
1 2 
10 15 
6 9 
6 10 
7 12 
2 11 12 25 14 27 
3 
* 25 
8 23 
5 22 
Thropp .. 7 19 
total in tlie' scores of 
