Nov. lo, igoa] 
FOREST 2 AND STREAM. 
371 
scrape, and can give you the correct figure. Other 
trout and bait were afterward brought over from Bog 
River and the pond stocked in that way, but I think that 
up to the time I stopped going there no more trout were 
brought from Grave's Pond, as it was a mile over the 
mountain and hard to keep them aUve. We could always 
tell the river trout, as they had a longer head and under- 
shot jaw, while the "Graves' Pond trout had short fins, 
head and even mouth, and grew silvery with very bright 
red spots, and I considered them as fine as any trout I 
had ever seen. I mean to try them again some tune by 
casting the fly. I made applpication once to stock Spring 
Pond with trout, and the fry was granted to me, but I 
did not accept them, as I understood the river was to be 
closed at that time. 
"Spring Pond is a beautiful sheet of water, fed by 
springs, with no inlet or outlet that can be found. I am 
glad the landlocked salmon are doing well there. Put 
them in Three-Pound Pond and Silver Lake and Horse- 
shoe Pond. Plow would they do in the river? They can 
get deep water by stopping in Hitching's Pond or North 
Pond, and could run into Horseshoe easily. I could 
write a book or so on Bog River, but will say good night." 
Mr. Crane thinks it should not be a difficult matter to 
find out about the food supply for fish in Spring Pond, 
but as a rule the only way to get reliable information is 
to go to the pond about which information is desired, or 
send some one and investigate the food question. 
The blank applications furnished by the Forest, Fish 
and Game Commission to those who desire fish, provide 
that this question shall be answered : "What is the natural 
food of the fish?" The answer most generally given is, 
"Don't know." Sometimes this is varied by "The usual 
food," "Minnows," "Chubs." 
These answers tell nothing. If water contained nothing 
but "chubs" and "minnows," it would not sustain trout, 
for small trout cannot live on minnows, for the minnows 
arc larger than the trout. Natural trout waters provide 
insect and crustacean food, and the ordinary observer 
would overlook it, as the smaller forms of Crustacea are 
minute, as they must be to furnish food for trout fry. 
There must be other food in Spring Pond than chubs and 
sunfish or the landlocked salmon would not have done as 
well as it is known that they have. Only last evening I 
met a gentleman on Senator Depew's special .train, from 
which he is stumping the State, who told me as we were 
dmmg that he had been to Spring Pond, and that almost 
on the last day of the open season this j'ear a friend gave 
him a landlocked salmon which he estimated to weigh 
3 pounds, and it was caught in Spring Pond. The special 
stopped to let me off near my home at i o'clock in 
the morning, and in a mail which came at 2:30 in 'the 
mornmg was Mr. Crane's letter, which I have quoted 
above. ^ A. N. Cheney. 
Tuna Club Prize Awards. 
AvALON, Santa Catalina Island, Cal., Oct. t.— The 
Executive Committee of the Tuna Club begs to announce 
the decision of the judges in the rod and reel anglhig 
tournament of 1900— May i to Oct. i. The tournament, 
the second of its kind, was inaugui-ated to encourage the 
use of the lightest tackle in the capture of the large and 
remarkable game fishes of these waters, and thus insure 
a reduction in numbers of fish caught. The committee is 
happy to report that there has been a notable reduction in 
^ the waste of fish ; rods are universally employed, and lineii 
larger than a 24-thread for tuna and black sea bass, up to 
380 pounds, are not used. The tournament of 1900 was 
a mai-ked success, and it is estimated that 4,000 or 5,000 
anglers contested for the prizes during the five months 
tournament; among them were Avielders of the rod from 
every State in the Union — some gentlemen coming from 
England purposely to take the leaping tuna. A feature 
of the season's fishing was the difference in time in 
taking tunas over the previous season — many being landed 
in from ten to twenty minutes. One hundred and forty- 
one leaping tunas were taken with the rod during the 
tournament, ranging in size from 164 pounds to 22 
pounds. The record of Col. C. P. Morehouse of a 251- 
pound tuna was not beaten. The club record of Mr. T. S. 
Manning, of a black sea bass weighing 170 pounds was 
beaten by Mr. F. S. Schenck, of Brooklyn, N. y'., his 
notable catch, of a fish weighing 384 pounds, being the 
- largest game fish ever taken in the world with rod and 
reel and 21-thread line. Adjt.-Gen. Barrett, of 
California, having taken the largest leaping tuna of the 
season (164 pounds), becomes president of the Tuna Club 
for 1900 and 1901. Col R. A. Eddy, by virtue of taking 
the largest number of tunas, becomes vice-president. 
Holders of Cups, Medals and Rod Records in 1899.. 
Largest Tuna— Col. C. P. Morehouse, 251 pounds 
first; C. F. Holder, 183 pounds, second; H. St A. Earls- 
chff, 180 pounds, third; F. V. Rider, 175 ponuds, fourth. 
Black Sea Bass — T. S. Manning, 370 pounds first- 
T. S. Manning. 330 pounds, second; F. V. Rider 327 
pounds, third; F. V. Rider, 324 pounds, fourth; Col. R A 
Eddy, 322 pounds, fifth. 
White Sea Bass— E. M. Boggs. 58 pounds, first; F. F 
Gernsh, 56 pounds, second: Mrs. F. V. Rider, 50 pounds 
third. 
Yellowtail— F. V. Rider, 48 pounds, first; F F 
Gernsh, 37 pounds, second; Mrs. H. W. Hoyt si^A 
pounds, third. ' 
Aizes Won in 1900— May J to Oct. I. 
All catches were made with rod and reel. 21 and 24 
thread lines. Every fish brought to gaflF unaided. 
CLASS A. — ^LEAPING TUNA. 
First— For exceeding club record, 251 pounds. Prize - 
Tuna Club gold medal and Banning cup. Not won. 
Second— For largest tuna of the season. Prize : Presi- 
dency of the club. Won by Adjt.-Gen. A. W 
Barrett, of California, weight of fish 164 pounds 
, Third— For the second largest tuna. C. J. O'Kell 
weight of fish 148 pounds. 
Fourth— For third largest tuna. H. J. Flei.shman and 
Col. R. A. Eddy (tie), weight 142 pounds. 
Fifth— For first tuna of the season. Harry Harkness 
Pasadena. 
S'^'th— To lady taking a tuna of any size with rod and 
reel. Prize : Gold medal. Won by Mrs. James Gardner. 
Avalon, 136 pounds; Miss O. B. Clark, Los Angeles, it8 
pounds; Mrs. J. C. Connor, Colorado Springs, 116 pounds; 
Mrs. A. W. Barrett, Los Angeles, 22 pounds; Miss E. L. 
Bernard, Cincinnati, 20 pounds. 
CLASS B. — BLACH .SEA BASS. 
First — For e:xceeding club record of 370 pounds. Prizes: 
Tufts-Lyon cup, Rider-Macomber medal. F. S. Scheiick, 
Brooklyn, N. Y. (world's record), weight of fish 384 
Second— For the second largest bass. Col. R. A. Eddy, 
weight of fish 362 pounds. 
Third— For third largest bass. F. S. Schenck, weight 
of fish 350 pounds. 
Fourth— First black sea bass of the seasan. Col. R. A. 
Eddy, weight of fish pounds. 
Fifth— To lady taking a black sea bass of any size. Not 
won. 
CLASS C. — WHITE SEA BASS. 
First— First bass of the'season. T, W. Holron, weight, 
44 pounds. 
Second— For largest fish of season. (Tie), E. L. 
Doran, AvSlon; J, S. Vincent, Saginaw; weight, 48 
poun.ds. 
Third— For s.eGond largest bass, E. L. Doran, weight, 
46 pounds 
CLAS.S D. — YELIjOWTAIL. 
• First— For largest fish of the season. John F. Francis 
gold medal. T. S. Manning, weight of fish, 32!/^ pounds. 
Second— For largest yelloM'tail taken by a lady. Mrs. 
E. N. Dickerson, New York, weight of fish, 24^4 pounds. 
CLASS t:. — ^ROCK BASS. 
Fir.st— For largest fish of season. C. W. Thompson, 
weight. 6J6 pounds. 
Second — For second largest fish. C. C. Paine, weight, 
6 I -16 pounds. 
CLASS F. — SHEEPSHEAP. 
For largest fish of the season. Col. R. A. Eddy, San 
Francisco, weight of fish, 21 pounds. 
CL.^SS G. — WHITEFISH. 
For largest fish of the season. C, C. Paine, Cleveland, 
weight of fish, q pounds. 
CLASS H. — ALBICORE. 
For largest fish of the season. G. W. Kellogg, weight 
of fish, 3154 pounds. 
CLASS T, 
For the largest game fish taken by a lady. Miss O. B. 
Clark, Los Angeles, tuna weighing 118 pounds. 
CLASS J. 
To boatman of angler taking first tuna of season, James 
Gardner, boatman for Harry Harkness. 
T. S. Manning, Chairman; Col. C. P. Morehouse, F. V. 
Rider, Chas. F. Holder, Col. R. A. Eddy. Dr. H. K. 
Macomber. Frankliii S. Schenck, E. L. Doran, Judges and 
. Executi\'e Committee. 
Fish and Game Wardens. 
BY CHARLES E, BREWSTER. 
(Read before the American Fisheries Society.) 
The rapid depletion of our waters of their food fishes by 
reason of the vast increase both in number of men en- 
gaged in fishing and the number of nets used has made it 
necessary for the enactment of laws for the artificial 
propagation of the desirable kinds of fishes to restock 
our lakes and streams. 
This work has usually been placed in the hands of 
State boards of fish commissioners. Their duties are 
the taking of spawn, the hatching of the eggs, the appor- 
tioning of the fry to the various waters, and superintend- 
ing the depositing of the same. * 
In my own Stale of Michigan, with her more than 
2,000 miles of coast line bordering the "Great Unsalted 
Seas," with her thousands of inland lakes and streams 
all teeming with fish, the question of either protection or 
perpetuation did not present itself to the earlier citizen. 
Whitehsh and trout were abundant in the Great Lakes, 
and every settlement near enough to the coast to do so 
had a few nets, usually owned in common, and used for 
the purpose of taking fish for their own use only. 
In the coast towns a few men had nets and made fishing 
their business. The nets were of large mesh, and the fish 
taken were necessarily so. Sailboats onlv were used, and 
three men could handle two gangs of gill nets, possibly 
three miles long, one gang only being in the water at a 
time. 
But with the rapid increase in population conditions 
changed. Factories and manufacturing plants were built 
to utilize the product of our forests. Sawdust and slabs 
were dumped into the waters without protest. This 
oft'al, as It became saturated, sank and shifted around on 
the bottom, driving out the whitefish. Fishermen cleaned 
their fish on board their boats, dumping their offal into 
the lake. ' 
And then came the tug fishermen; and with the advent 
of the tugs came a marked increase in the number of 
nets used, Methods of handling nets and fish have been 
improved. Steam lifting apparatus has taken the place 
of men, and it is now possible to lift nets on a single 
tug at the rate of four miles an hour, and it is not an 
unusual thing for fishermen to set a single gang of nets 
fifteen m.iles in length. 
John O'Neil, a prominent cpmrherGial fisherman at 
Charlevoix, informed me that on Oct. 29 (the last day of 
the open season) he had seventy-five miles of gill nets in 
the water. 
But to return to the sawdust and oital matter. It be- 
came apparent in the course of time that the fish supply 
m the Great Lakes was decreasing, and in 1865 the Legis- 
lature passed an act making it unlawful to "put into any 
of the waters of this -State where fish were taken any 
offal, blood, putrid fi.sh or filth of any description," and 
imposing a penalty of $300 for its violation. 
.Special acts were also passed regulating the manner 
of taking fish in the inland lakes in some of the counties. 
In iS/i the first general fish law was passed. It regu- 
lated the manner of taking fish both in the Great Lakes 
and in the inland waters. 
Still the depletion eontinued, and in' 1873 a law was 
enacted "To estabjish 4 Board of Commissioners to in- 
crease the product of the fisheries, and to make an ap- 
propriation therefor." This act appropriated $7,500 for 
the use of the Commission for each of the years 1873 
and 1874, to cover all expenses, both the building of a 
hatchery and the necessary expenses of the Commission, 
and it was their duty "to supervise generally the fishing 
interests, and secure the enforcement of all the laws re- 
lating to the protection of fish and fisheries in the State." 
No compensation has ever been allowed any member 
of the Board. They have served the State absolutely 
without pay. Uniformly men of broad gauge and thor- 
oughly in love with their work, they have served the 
State faithfully and well, and the perfectly appointed 
hatcheries, with their beautiful buildings, the inland 
lakes and streams, repopulated with the most desirable 
kinds of fish, stand as a perpetual m^onument to the 
earnest, intelligent work of the Michigan Fish Com- 
mission. 
They have stocked our streams with trout and other 
game fishes; our lakes with bass, pike, perch and lake 
trout. They have also given us the German carp. But 
in spite of the enactment of all of these laws, the results 
were not entirely satisfactory. They were not enforced. 
Local officers winked at the most flagrant and open vio- 
lations. The commercial fishermen used small mesh 
nets. And in the inland lakes and streams spears, dyna- 
mite and nets were used without danger of prosecution. 
In 1887 the president of tlie National Sportsmen's As- 
sociation, the Hon. A. L. Lakey, of Kalamazoo, intro- 
duced a bill "To provide for the appointment of a game 
and fish warden." Mr. Lakey had accepted the nomina- 
tion, and came to the Legislature for the sole purpose 
of revising the fish and game laws, and to provide for 
their enforcement. He met with a most determined op- 
position, but succeeded in getting his bill through both 
houses, and it was approved by the Governor March 1=; 
1887. 
The term of office of the State warden is four years. 
A brief comparison of the conditions existing before the 
appointment of a warden may be interesting. During 
the entire four years preceding the appointment of a 
State warden there was a total of fifty-six convictions in 
the State. During the four years' administration of the 
Hon. William Alden Smith, the first Michigan warden, 
494 convictions were secured. During the year just 
closed, being the first year of the administration of the 
Hon. Grant M. Morse, 867 cases were handled, with a 
total loss of only eighteen, by acquittal. More than 
$20,000 worth of nets and fishing appliances were found 
in illegal use, seized and condemned.. 
Thus is the work of the Fish Commissioners supple- 
mented and aided by that of the warden. It has been 
said, "He is indeed a public benefactor who causes two 
blades of grass to grow where but one grew before." 
The Fish Commissioners of Michigan have accom- 
plished more than this. They have increased the product 
of our inland waters a thousandfold; our lakes are being 
carefully stocked; our streams are already full. The 
stocking of our Great Lakes with the rapid growing 
trout and the peerless whitefish is being systematically 
carried on. (They have seen the error of their ways and 
have abandoned the propagation of carp.) 
Their work is beyond praise, and the results obtained 
will forever remain commemorative of a philanthropic 
work well done, a stewardship faithfully kept. 
And side by side with the encomiums passed upon the 
Fish Commissioners will go forth the thanks of a grate- 
ful State for the forceful and splendid work of her State 
game and fish wardens. 
Tip-Ups for Ice Fishing. 
Answering your inquiry as to whether we have ever 
done any fishing through the ice, we beg to say that 
we believe we have tried every known way and device 
to _ catch fish, tip-ups included. We have joined in 
hoisting a sheet between masts of a ship, and on dark 
nights placing lighted lamps against it to attract the 
flying fish in the Indian Ocean. We have taken a hand 
at the windlass and assisted in hoisting a monster shark 
aboard in the Red Sea. We have been perched in the bows 
of a sailing ship, trying to harpoon porpoises as they 
jumped, tumbled and dived around and across her bows 
as she gallantly sped her way over the sapphire Avaters 
ot the Mediterranean. We have joined in the chase of a 
whale only to find that their powers of locomotion are 
enormous, and that the water they spout is very wet. 
And, while the memories of bygone days pass in review 
before the nimd, others equally fantastic and interesting 
follow on in the panorama of piscatorial adventure. We 
remember dark nights on an Indian river, when we were 
being drawn down a roaring rapid in a frail dugout 
canoe by a mighty mahseer. We also remember the in- 
variable duckings we got on these occasions. 
We must next turn to the quiet picture of catching 
little crawfish in the mountain streams of India. 
Picture one stretched out full length on an overhanging " 
rock over a likely little pool, with bait in one hand and 
rod in the other. The bait consists of a piece of cocoa- 
nut about an inch square on the big end of an eeikel, the 
rod a loop made from a fiber from a banana leaf on the 
small end of another eeikel. An eeikel is the rib of a 
cocoanut palm leaf about 2 to 3 feet long, and tapers from 
one-eighth of an inch in diameter at the big end down to 
a fine point. The fisherman selects a likely hole and 
di-ops the bait, holding the eeikel in his left hand. Pretty 
soon if there is a crawfish in the pool it will crawl out 
from underneath some big rock and cautiously make its 
way over to the bait. The fisherman then commences to 
tidde its sides and back with the loop. Many is the 
jump forward and backward the little "fellow will take 
before he will allow the loop to be moved without his 
jumping. Then gradually the loop is passed up over 
one eye; a quick twist of the fingers and the loop is 
wound up tightly, and the crawfish soon finds himself 
among friends waiting to receive him in a native grass 
basket. We have many a time taken enough in an hour 
to make a curry for two people; and let us assure qur 
readers that there is no curry made in the Orient that is 
more tasty or toothsome than one made of either craw- 
fish, shrimps or prawns. 
But as usual we are wandering from Our subject mat- 
ter, which tip-ups and fishing through tl^e ice. From 
