Nov. 17, 1900.] 
FOREST AND STREAM* 
In short, the Michigan type of Thymallus must have 
a down run. She must also find her spawning ground 
unobstructed on her return or propagation of her kind is 
off for that season. The experience of several years 
devoted to efforts at domestication of grayling cp.nvinces 
rae that it is impracticable. 
1 believe, however, that protected propagation of 
Thymallus tricolor is both practicable and feasible, pro- 
vided a stream can be found where logging operations are 
a thing of the past, and where enough grayling have sur- 
vived to serve as a nucleus for future operations under 
the protection and manipulation of fishculturists. 
Tip-Ups and Ice-Fishingf, 
Pat£rson. N. J., Nov. 8. — Editor Forest and Stfeain: 
The article on tip-ups in your last issue is very interest- 
ing for people who like that kind of sport. I have no 
doubt Mr. Churchward is reliable, but I .see a difficulty 
in his last proposition, that New York fishermen may 
enjoy the sport on the lakes mentioned. Among these 
lakes he includes Hopatcong, Budd's, Panther and other 
lakes in New Jersey. Of course, there are fish in those 
lakes, and these fish can he taken by means of tip-ups, as 
I have seen it done, but I wish Mr. Churchward would 
tell me where he is going to get his ice from or whether he 
expects New York anglers to pay $20 for each fish taken. 
Pickerel fi.shing is prohibited in New Jersey from the 
last day in November to the first day of May, and, un- 
less Mr. Churchward has made arrangements for a very 
material change in the 'seasons, that is just the time we 
may exnect ice in our New Jersey lakes in the future, 
judged by past experience. I do not know which would 
he more expensive, to cart ice to the lakes in the summer 
for the operation of tip-ups, or to pav $20 per fish during 
the winter months. Chas. A. Shrinee. 
Fixtures, 
FIELD TRIALS. 
Nov. 13.— Chatham, Ont.— Twelfth annual field trials of the In- 
ternational Field Trials Club. W. B. Wells, Hon. Sec'y. . 
Nov. 13.— Harrisville, Fa.— Central Beagle Club's annual field 
trials. A. C. Paterson, Sec'y. 
Nov. 15-16.— Riley, Ind.— Second annual fidd trials of the Riley 
Field Trials Association. J. L. Graham, Sec'y. 
Nov. 16.— Newton, N. C— Eastern Field Trials Club's twenty- 
second annual field ti-ials— Members' Stake. Nov. 19, Derby. 
Simon C. Bradley, Sec'y, Greenfield Hill, Conn. 
Nov, 20, — Robinson, 111.— Illinois Field Trials Association's sec- 
ond annual field trials. O. W. Ferguson, Sec'y, Mattoon, 111. 
Nov. 20. — Ruthven, Ontario, Can.— Second annual field trials of 
the North American Field Trials Club. F. E. Marcon, Jr., Sec'y, 
Windsor, Ontario, Can. 
Nov. 27. — Glasgow, Kj'.— Kentucky Field Trials Club's annual 
field trials. F. W. Samuel, Sec'y, Louisville, Ky. 
Nov. 30.— Newton, N. C— Continental Field Trials Club's sixth 
annual field trials— Members' Stake. Dec. 3, Derby. Theo. 
Sturges, Sec'y, Greenfield Hill, Conn. 
Dec. 10. — Paris, Mo. — Fourth annual field trials of the Missouri 
Field Trials Association. L. S. Eddins, Sec'y, Sedalia, Mo. 
1901. 
Jan. 14.— Greenville, Ala.— Fifth annual field trials of the Alabama 
Field Trials Club. John B. Rosenstihl, Sec'y. 
Jan. 21. — Benton County, Miss. — Tenth annual field trials of the 
United States Field Trials Club. W. B. Stafford, Sec'y, Trenton, 
Tenn. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
Nov. 13-17. —Vicksburg, Miss.— First annual bench shoiw of the 
West Mississippi Agricultural, Mechanical and Live Stock Ex- 
position. John Dewhurst, Supt. 
Nov. 28-30.— Philadelphia, Pa.— Second annual bench show of the 
Philadelphia Dog Show Association. M. A. Viti, Sec'y. ^ 
Dec. 6-10. — Cincinnati, O. — Annual bench show of the Cincinnati 
Fox Terrier Club. J. C. Trohliger, Sec'y. 
1901. 
Feb. 26-March 1.— Cleveland, O.— Cleveland Kennel Club's annual 
bench show. C. M. Munhall, Sec'y. 
March 6-9.— Pittsburg, Pa. — Duquesne Kennel Club's annual 
bench show. F. S. Stedman, Sec'y. 
Training the Hunting Dog. 
By B. Waters, Author of "Fetch and Carry: A Treatise 
on Retrieving." 
Vin,— Pointing, Backing, Ranging, Quartering, Dropping to 
Wing, Unsteadiness, Brace Work, 
i — . 
Pointing (Continued). 
Not infretiuently the pointing instinct is exhibited at 
a very early age, and in rare instances it is dormant 
past the age of niaturity. Usually young puppies are 
profoundly afi^ccted hy the scent of game birds or the 
sight of other birds. On the latter, they will draw and 
point by sight, springing after and chasing them the 
moment that they take wing. At first, under the stimu- 
lus of tlieir purpose, they rush heedlessly in to capture, 
and failing it thej'- chase senselessly and riotously, Fail- 
ure develops greater caution. As they grow older, they 
use their noses more and exercise greater craft.. As to 
methods, they vary and are determined by the intelli- 
gence and idiosyncrasies of the individttal. 
A precocious display o( pointing does not in the least 
indicate that the pupp3' making it is superior to his fel- 
lows, for it requires no high degree of mental or physical 
abihty to stand on a point. The act, moreover, may be 
done foolishly and aimlessly as any other act may be 
done, The nose of the dog requires a certain degree of 
training to become a trained organ of scent. Skill 
in its use therefore comes from experience. 
Commonly the first eft'orts of puppies at pointing are 
awkward and inefficinet. Dift'erent kinds of effort are 
indicated by certain scent^ as the body scent and the 
foot scent, and hy different degrees of intensity of the 
same scent. The best manner of following scent, wind 
and character of the ground considered, is also an im- 
portant factor. If the dog presses too closely on the 
birds, he flushes them; if he stops too far away from 
them, he is outside of the limits wherein he can make a 
successful spring, and therewith a reasonably successful 
attempt at capturing them. If he runs about over the 
trail aimlessly or potters to and fro, the birds may run 
entirely away from him. 
Errors in the first attempts are to be expected. The 
dog learns_ only by his successes and failures! After a 
time his judgment and functional powers of nose be^ 
come so developed and trained that he can discriminate 
between the body scent and the foot scent, and when 
pointing can estimate with precision the whereabouts 
of the concealed birds. 
The purpose of the point is twofold; the dog when set 
endeavors to accurately locate the birds by his powers of 
scent, and he then is in a better position to spring vigor- 
ously to capture. When he makes his point, every mus- 
cle is at its utmost tension. The opening and closing 
jaw regulates the intake of air so that the nostrils will 
not be disturbed in their act of nice discrimination; the 
eyes are setwith a fixed bloody purpose. He may determine 
in an instant the whereabouts of the birds, or it may take 
him some mnn7ents. When he is satisfied that he has 
them located, he springs in with astonishing energy 
and quickness, and many times is successful in captur- 
ing before the birds can take wing, or, taking wing, he 
may capture before they can get beyond his reach. He 
can spring a few feet before a bird can rise from the 
ground a like distance. He makes many mistakes 
nevertheless. Sometimes, through eddies of wind or 
bad judgment, he may jump in the wrong direction, or 
he may make his stand too far away from the birds and 
when he makes his spring he falls far short of reaching 
them, etc. Dogs in this respect vary greatly in skill. 
The points of the dog, as they are naturally made in 
furtherance of his own purposes, as shown when he is 
not trained or but half trained, have a vigor and inten- 
sity which are much greater than those of the trained 
dog. In time the points of the latter gradually become 
more or less, perfunctory. He learns that he must not 
spring forward to capture and that therefore there is 
no need to set himself rigidly for it. He may even 
become slouchy on point, and some dogs learn to lie 
down instead of standing up as a dog on point naturally 
should do. 
All dogs, however, which lie down on point do not 
do so as a matter of ease or indifference. Some do so 
as a matter of education; others as a matter of caution, 
sneaking forward very close to the ground when on trail, 
and dropping to the ground betimes for the purpose of 
concealment, something after the manner in which cats 
stalk their prey. Their alertness in playing to the gun 
IS not diminished by being deprived of the pleasure of 
springing to capture: they are intent on intelligently as- 
sisting the success of the gun, and by being- instrumental 
in the capture their self-interest is preserved. 
The trainer in diverting the dog's efforts in seeking 
game preserves as much as possible all the dog's point- 
ing methods up to the juncture whereat he has located 
the birds, stands to collect himself and is ready to spring 
in, to flush and capture. 
The fl.ush and capture are all that the dog is taught to 
forego. The point is useful to the shooter; the flush is 
not. Therefore the dog is indulged in the exercise of 
his own self interest in so far as permitting him to find 
and point birds; further than that he may not go without 
offense. 
As mentioned hereinbefore, the dog in his finst at- 
tempt should be permitted to seek and point and flush 
in his own manner, the trainer exercising some judg- 
ment as to how much experience is necessary to bring 
him to the pr.oper stage for training to the gun. 
The matter of whether the dog is headstrong or 
timid, or quick or slow to learn, or whether the oppor- 
tunities are meager or abundant, etc., is for the exer- 
cise of the trainer's judgment. There is no arbitrary rule 
to determine it. 
When the proper time arrives for steadying the puppy 
on point, if he flushes he is brought back to the place 
where he should have pointed and there is forced to 
remain til! he rcovers from his excitement and foregoes 
his purpose. As the flush is repeated opportunity after 
opportunity, the trainer evinces more and more disap- 
proval by scoldings and more or less punishment, accord- 
ing to the requirements of the case. 
At length, when the puppy has been taught what is 
required of him, if he springs in and flushes he is more 
severely punished, and as to how much punishment is 
necessary the trainer must exercise some nice judgment. 
Some dogs require very little; others require a great deal 
of punishment. 
The trainer is most likely to err in hurrying too much. 
He is anxious to have the puppy pointing at once, and 
he is apt to use the whip too soon and too often in 
consequence. There is, in .this connection, a certain 
difiiculty in making the dog understand that the pursuit 
of the birds is not for his own benefit; that he is to stop 
short where his every natural irnpulse is to go on, and 
lhat punishment has reference to steady pointing and 
thus to the interests of the shooter. By injudicious pun- 
ishment the dog may mistakenly understand that he has 
dotie wrong in finding the birds at all, and thereafter 
when near birds he may shy away from and quietly leave 
them so as to avoid the war which is likely to ensue 
if he happens to flush them. This act is called blinking, 
and is about the worst fault that a dog can have. Not 
infrequently weeks are required to cure it, and the 
trainer, who was the cause of it, from the fear he inspires 
m the pupil, is unable to cure it. A change of trainers 
is therefore then necessary. This alone should make 
clear the need of proper deliberation in training the dog 
to stanchness on point. 
Excessive violence defeats its own ends. The dog 
cannot be taught to point if he has no inclination to do 
so. The instinct is slow to develop in some dogs. 
It may be latent for one or two years. If the 
dog shows good capabilities otherwise, he should not 
be condemned because he is disinclined to point in his 
^uppyhood. 
The self interlest of the dog may be excited by acts 
which are pleasurable or profitable, or both combined. 
Seeking birds is such an enthralling passion that he will 
submit to much painful restriction before he will desist, 
though in time he can, by improper punishment, be 
forced to do so. 
By habit the dog's nose becomes his chief organ of 
sense. He relies on it implicity. If his master returns 
after a short or long absence, though he may see him 
distinctly, he will circle around till he catches scent of 
him, thus verifying his eye sight, after which he is per- 
fectly satisfied pf correct identification, 
If it should happen that the trainer so donnnates the 
pupil, or that the latter is so subservient that he is dis- 
inclined to take any independent initiative, or that he 
is slow to engage in hunting, it is better to let him have 
a course of self hunting on his own account. Dogs 
thereby acquire great skill and confidence in the appli- 
cation of methods, developing their intelligence and 
knowledge to an astonishing degree. 
The unrestrained pursuit of prey is the dog's greatest 
pleasure. Once he learns self hunting, on opportunity 
Jie will steal away from home to indulge in it. He seeks 
the companionship of vagrant boys or dogs which are 
inclined to hunt like himself, cither of which gives him 
the freedom from restraint which he so much values 
When on a self hunt the duration of his absence is 
sometimes measured by the degree of fatigue which he 
can suffer, at other times by the degree of hunger or 
by the degree of hunger and fatigue combined. Some- 
times he may be absent a few hours; sometimes several 
days, returning thereafter in a state of skin and bone 
and vvorn, weary and famished. When seeking thus for 
himself, he will plod cheerfully through mud and snow 
will swim cold streams of water; will work in brush and 
brier; will gallop bravely into woods and open, ever 
eager to find and capture, rarely desisting until physi- 
cal exhaustion prevents him from engaging further in 
the pursuit. 
He, in one self-hunting outing, learns more than he 
generally learns m weeks when under the domination 
of his trainer. When self-hunting, all the natural hunt- 
ing qualities and inchnations which are born in him have 
the free play unhindered. Then he learns to follow the 
trail with quickness, precision and enthusiasm; to distin- 
guish the forward from the back trail; the body scent 
trom the foot scent; the places which are likely to be and 
which are not^likely to be the haunts of birds; to mark 
the flight of flushed birds and its probable length. In 
short, he learns the values of all the circumstances which 
are to be considered in the matter of pursuit and capture 
On the other hand, once that the dog has learned the 
deh.ghts and freedom of self hunting, there is no break- 
ing him from indulging in it. He will sneak away when^ 
ever opportunity and inclination impel him to it, prowl- 
ing for miles everywhere throughout the surrounding 
country, generally in the company of some other dog 
or dogs of hke proclivities. Confinement is the only 
preventive of such acts. 
A Hunting and Retrieving Cat. 
Uncommon among cats is Wuzzy, the son of Mut/ 
for Wuzzy goes a-hunting. He does not hunt as ah 
cats do, but, instead, goes with hunter and gun and re- 
trieves game, the accomplishment coming partly from 
herecjity and partly from long, patient and careful train- 
mg While m India several years ago I saw a cheetah, 
or hunting leopard, that had been trained to bring down 
game at the command of its master. This opened a field 
of possibilities m training animals of the cat kind and 
the question immediately arose regarding the domestic 
cat. It a wild animal could be tamed and trained why 
cou d not one that was already tamed be taught to do as 
well. After experimenting for several years on these 
mes in a disconnected way, I found that it would take 
long continued and patient effort to succeed. 
I became the possessor of a beautiful Australian tiger 
cat, who responded to the name of Mutz. Mutz was 
affectionate and of good disposition, and I began train- 
ing her to hunt ^yhile she was a kitten. It was a most 
difficult tindertaking, and when I had reached a point 
in tier education where she would follow me, a short 
distance from the house and pick up birds that were shot 
she became the mother of three kittens. Two of these 
were consigned to a bucket of warm water at birth but 
tJie third was so beautifully marked that he was saved 
borne one remarked that he was "a wuzzy little cat " and 
■ Wuzzy he was named. 
The coming of family duties effectually stopped the 
urther education of Mutz, and the effort was transferred 
to Wuzzy. Wuzzy s lather was evidently a disreputable 
old fellow but the son's markings were even more per- 
fect than those of his mother, and now he is a miniature 
tiger m all but disposition, for a more lovable and lovine 
cat It would be difficult to find. The nomadic instincts 
h's la^'ier, combined with the training of his mother 
made Wuzzy an ideal subject for experimentation, and as 
soon as he could play I began to teach him to retrieve 
Fatience is the paramount idea in training a cat A 
scolding will undo the work of days and a blow will ruin 
any cat. A cat will be a companion, but never a slave 
Jf you teach it anything it will do it because it wants 
to-never because it has to. All this I had learned in the 
school of experience before I began teaching Wuzzy and 
the result is that now, at the age of one year he has 
never been scolded or struck, and is utterly Without fear 
Ihis digression may give an idea of what it means to 
teach a cat. 
After Wuzzy had learned to retrieve he was taught 
to fol ow at request— not command— and then rome to 
shoulder. A dog is taught to come to heel, but Wuzzy 
preferred my shoulder, and would climb there and re- 
main perched there during the long w^alks. Now came 
the most important and most delicate part of his educa- 
tion He would retrieve and would follow; would he 
stand^fire? Would he retrieve birds? Beginning with a 
small rifle, which made but slight sound, I gradually 
accustomed him to the discharge until he would sit on 
my left shoulder while I fired a shot from the right 
The next lesson was to combine the sound of the gun 
with the idea of retrieving, and on firing I threw the ball 
with which he was accustomed to play and he quickly 
associated the gun and the ball. Then the ball was dis- 
placed by a dead bird, a linnet or sparrow^ freshly killed 
and It took but a few lessons to teach him to "retrieve 
the bird as readily as the ball. The next lesson consisted 
in hanging the bird to a limb and dropping it as the gun 
was fired. He soon learned to watch the motion of the 
gun and his keen eyes detected the feird before the shot 
His eagerness and expression of expectancy showed his 
impatience and the trigger was scarcely pressed before 
he was off for the fallen bird. 
Having sufficiently inculcated into his mind the se- 
quence of events, I now put his lessons in practical opera- 
