416 
AXUM. 
enabled to ascertain, from a very curious fact which I have lateljr 
met with in the course of my researches. Cosmas, a Greek 
writer, who visited Adulis, and discovered the Greek inscription 
relating to the affairs of Abyssinia, gives, in his elaborate treatise 
on the World,** a description of several animals which he met 
with in Abyssinia. Among these, he has very accurately de- 
scribed the two-horned rhinoceros, which appears to be peculiar 
to Africa ; and he mentions, that the Ethiopians called it in their 
!Qwn dialect, apov 7} upia-i, or am e hareese, aspirating the second 
alpha, and adding to it the ^kti, or reese ; that by apou was ex- 
pressed the generic term of wild beast [^yiptov,) and that the 
epithet upia-i was subjoined^ on account of the furrowed shape of 
the nostrils, together with that of the skin.* Now it is very re- 
* Toyro TO Kmv kuXsitui 'PivoKepcog, ^la rov h Tolg f/,VKTYipa'i rot jcspuTct s^eiv, ots Ss TrspiTiUTsl 
(raXsvoVTCH roL xspuru'-f ots ds hpoi jW-era Su/z-ou uttotsIvsi uvra, ko) ua-ixksvToc svpKrx.0VToiij oofs xai 
^sidpa dvvci<T$a.t SKpi^oyiv, to. sv uurolg fj.a.Xifa to IjaTr^ocrSsv. toi; oi^SaA/jt-ojj kotoo Trsp) tu; yvocQoig 
, s^si — oi TTodsg K0{) TO SepjOtct -TrapotTrXrjG-ia Ifj tm sXs<puvTi. 'i)(Bi xat to 'nct'/pi; tou dsppi^UTOg aVTS 
^ripotiv6(/,svov lotKTwKoig TS(r<rupag — xctXsai avTOi ol AlQloTrsg t^ Idla. diaKsxTcpj apov ^ apKri, 
^a(rvvovTsg tov dsvTspov aXipuy xoii outm Tvpos'MvTsg tov picrl' 'Iva, hoi toO ft-sv oipov, tov $riploV, S<a ds 
Tov cipi(ri, apOTplav ex tov (T^y\i/,oLTog tou 7Tsp\ To\g pooSaovotg, a.y.u Se xot) tov dsp[/^UT0g TrjV ETrcovo/x/av 
aVTco Te&siKOTeS' TeSsoi[J(,cti, ds xu) ^covtcx. sv TYj K'SiottIu uTto f/^axpotv Ifai^svog, xix) vsxph sxlxqiv xui 
xotTtxfyis'Qh a-^vpa xaj Vajtxevov Iv oixo) §a<j i>>,ixca, oSev' axpiSoog xaTsfpa^a.'l 
* This power of relaxing the position of the horns is mentioned by Sparman, who 
says, that the Hottentots tohl liim, " que quand il marche tranquillemeat on les voit 
balotter, et on les entend de heurter et claquer Tune contre I'autre," (see Voyage an Cap 
de Bonne Esperance, Vol. II. p. SO/ :) and this was certainly confirmed to me by several 
natives of Africa who had seen the animal alive, one of whom in particular (a Somauli) 
gave me the following description of it, " that when feeding in the fields undisturbed, the 
horns are often depressed (which he shewed with his hand on his head, inclined in an angle 
pf about forty-five ;) but when alarmed;, (raising his hand to a perpendicular over his head) 
the animal erects them thus." 
X Vide p. 334. Cosmae Indicopleustse Christian. Opinio de Mundp, L. i. in 
Montfaucon. 
