the Classification of Lepidoptera. 353 
meutidsBf Plutellidse, GelecJiiidse, and CEcophoridXy 
which are placed with the Pyraloids in Obtect^. When 
these have been taken away (and they are a fairly large 
share of the Tineina), Dr. Chapman uses the term 
Tineidse for the remainder. Has Mr. Hampson examined 
these various groups thoroughly ? If so, are we to 
assume that he has found characters which negative Dr. 
Ohapman^s treatment of them ? Mr. Dyar subdivides 
them, but, on account of the slender material he has been 
able to obtain, his results are necessarily of the most 
incomplete nature. 
The second difference is with regard to the Alucitidae 
and Pterophoridss, Dr. Chapman places the Ptero- 
phoridse practically in the same position as does Mr. 
Hampson. The latter, however, places the Alucitidss 
next to the Pteroplioridse. It would appear that in 
reality the Alucitidse have no connection, near or 
remote, with the Pterophoridse (perhaps, indeed, little 
more than the Syntomidse have with the Zygsenidde) ; 
the superficial resemblance due to the plumose wings 
has been evidently reached along different lines of evo- 
lution, and does not appear to show a real relationship. 
In Dr. Chapman's arrangement, the Pterophoridse are 
among the Incomplete, whilst the Alucitidse are placed 
in the Obtectji. With regard to these two groups, Mr. 
Dyar appears to have made no differentiatioD. 
The most startling result, however, is one reached by 
Mr. Dyar. He places the Pyralidina on the same line 
with Gossus, TortriceSj Sesiidse, etc. It would appear, at 
first sight, that there must be something seriously amiss 
here, for Dr. Chapman and Mr. Hampson both bring 
the Pyralidse into the Obtectj:. But after a little con- 
sideration I came to the conclusion that these great 
differences in position were more apparent than real. 
In his paper (Trans. Ent. Soc. Lend., 1893, pp. 108, 109) 
Dr. Chapman points out, that although the pupas of his 
section Pyraloids have advanced a considerable distance 
along the line of evolution, so far, indeed, as to develop 
purely Macro (Obtecte) characters, yet the larvae retain 
many Micro (Incomplete) peculiarities, as if the speciali- 
sation of the larva has not been so necessary, as has the 
independent specialisation of the pupa. 
I am, of course, quite aware that the close examination 
of a large number of specimens of the smallest species. 
