a List of the Butterflies of Hoyig-Kong. 439 
finally left Hong-Kong. The damage done by the frost 
to the native vegetation was incalculable, several species 
of plants being entirely killed off, and the aspect of 
whole districts being altered {Cf. Nature/^ Vol. 47, 
pp. 635, 536). Previous to this unprecedented ^'^cold 
wave,^' the lowest temperature recorded at Hong-Kong 
was 45°, in February, 1885. 
By far the most productive locality for butterflies in 
the island is the Wong-nei-chong, or Happy Valley," 
a spot which is familiar to every one who has visited 
Hong-Kong. This is situated within less than a mile 
of the city of Victoria, from the centre of which it may 
be reached in a quarter of an hour by jinricksha,^^ the 
universal means of locomotion here. It is the largest 
piece of level ground in the island, and is an oval and 
(until drained) somewhat marshy plain, rather more than 
a mile in circumference, and including within its bounds 
the racecourse and the principal recreation ground of 
Hong-Kong. On all sides except the north, where it is 
open to the harbour, it is shut in by wooded hills, and 
on its west side are the European cemeteries, the English 
one in particular being celebrated for the beauty of the 
gardens attached to it. From these gardens access may 
be gained to a large extent of well-wooded and pro- 
ductive, but rather steep hillsides ; and from the south 
end of the valley a good road extends for several miles, 
over a gap in the hills some 700 feet above sea-level, to 
Cheag-chu, or Stanley,^^ on the south shore of the 
island. This sunny valley is the great resort of the 
butterflies of Hong-Kong, and few indeed are the species 
which have not at some time or other been taken within 
its precincts. At Heong-Kong, or ^'Little Hong-Kong,^^ 
on the south slope of the island, is a considerable extent 
of apparently indigenous wood, or rather scrub-land, 
with many large trees, but it was a little too far from 
Victoria to be often visited by me, and on the few 
occasions on which I went there, I found no species 
which did not occur in the " Happy Valley.'^ 
For the purposes of this paper I have included with 
Hong-Kong the adjoining British territory at Kowloon 
(Kau-lung), which is situated on the mainland opposite 
Victoria, at a distance of less than two miles. It is a 
small rocky granitic peninsula of about a square mile 
in extent, somewhat similar in character to Hong-Kong, 
