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local species, being only found in Alpine meadows at a great 
elevation in South-eastern Germany and the Tyrol.' This 
must be a wild guess, or its habits are very different in some 
localities from those we (Mr. Lemann, Dr. Chapman and 
myself) observed. First, it is never found at any very * great 
elevation,' rarely going above 4,000 feet ; secondly, it is 
essentially a rock insect, and an * Alpine meadow ' is about 
the last place in which I should expect to find it, except by 
accident. 
Habit. — A difference in habit between the sexes appears 
to have brought about a very marked difference in the colora- 
tion of their undersides. The males love to sit in little 
colonies numbering from two or three to a dozen, huddled 
together and sunning themselves in the hottest part of the 
day on the steep face of the perpendicular rocks found in 
their localities, and then at dusk to crawl away into crannies 
or under ledges where they are comparatively safe. The 
female haunts the sloping rubble at the base of the rocks 
among which the food-plant of her future progeny thrives. 
She lives and rests amongst the broken rock, which is very 
pale in colour (the Dolomite district), and her underside 
assimilates thereto. It is easy to miss the female owing to 
this difference of habit, for the slopes are often dilBficult to 
work. Owing to this Mr. Lemann and Dr. Chapman took 
less than a dozen females in a whole week at Mendel, 
whereas, when their habits became known. Dr. Chapman 
took as many as that in a single morning near Cortina. 
" Vaeiation. — There is considerable variation both in size, 
width of band, and ocellation. In size, the specimens run 
from about 1'75 to 2*25 inches. In the width of the fulvous 
band, it varies from above one-third of the wing (in some 
females) to perfect obsolescence. One extreme aberration 
(ohsoleta) might at first sight be considered E. melas, so 
completely has the band gone on both fore and hindwings. 
The females are much more broadly banded than the males, 
and the colour of the transverse band is paler, whilst the 
males from Mendel are, on the whole, more broadly banded 
than those from Cortina. Of the ocellated spots, a double 
white-pupilled spot towards the apex and a single one on the 
