( xxxii ) 
fulvous band below are usually present in the male, but the 
bottom one is frequently absent. Two females alone of my 
long series have the double apical spot only, the others have 
one, two, three, and even four extra spots on the forewings* 
The hindwings usually have three, and occasionally four, 
white -pupilled spots. These vary in size on both fore and 
hindwings, those beyond the normal number usually (but not 
invariably) being smaller. The undersides of the forewings 
of the male are of a fulvous tint with a narrow blackish margin, 
some specimens have a complete fine central transverse line, 
others traces of it, others are quite without. The hindwings 
usually have traces of the white band so characteristic of 
ligea, whilst others are without it and are entirely black, 
owing to a partial failure of the usual transverse lines. 
Staudinger mentions a variety under the name of morula, 
Speyer, and diagnoses it as ' minor obscurior, subtus uni- 
color,' and says that it comes from the Southern Tyrol. 
This would do so far as the * minor obscurior ' goes, as the 
name of a frequent aberration at Cortina, but even that 
would by no means apply to the whole race. I find, too, 
that Mr. Elwes, in his ' Notes on the Genus Erehia,' Trans. 
Ent. Soc. Lond., 1889, p. 327, also says 'minor obscurior, 
subtus unicolor ' of Tyrolean specimens. Is this copied from 
Staudinger, or has Mr. Elwes ever seen any with unicolorous 
undersides ? Dr. Lang gives the same diagnosis converted 
into English. Evidently our writers on the Erebias have not 
done much original work here. Staudinger also diagnoses 
another variety, viz., reichlini, H.-S., as * major obscurior.' 
This he gives as coming from South-east Bavaria and the 
Tyrol. Elwes treats it as synonymous with the type, and 
Lang, whilst suggesting that it may be a local form of E. evicts 
(on what grounds one cannot even hazard a conjecture), 
gives the following long description : — ' Differs from the type 
in having the forewings blackish-brown instead of fulvous 
beneath, and in having a small ocellated spot above the two 
large ones near the apex ; the hindwings are darker and 
without brownish-white markings,' p. 249. He still insists 
that it is found in 'elevated meadows in the Tyrol.' It is 
doubtful whether this description applies to even a single 
