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NEW BOOKS, WITH SHOET NOTICES. 
The Pathological Significance of Nematode Hoematozoa. By T. E. 
Lewis, M.B., Staff Surgeon H.M. British Forces. Calcutta : Office of 
Superintendent of Government Printing, 1874. — The Government does 
well to attach to its Sanitary Commissioner in the Government of 
India so painstaking and industrious an observer as Dr. T. E. Lewis. 
For assuredly he has done much more excellent work than many who 
have had similar opportunities. Some couple of years ago we re- 
ceived the first part of Dr. Lewis's essay on a Hsematozoon inhabiting 
human blood, which was a most valuable monograph on the subject it 
dealt with. Now we have the second part of this memoir, in which the 
author completes the evidence he has already offered, and conclusively 
shows that the peculiar disease in which the most marked symptom 
is chyliferous urine, is caused by the presence in the blood of numbers 
of the particular entozoon which he has described and figured so 
minutely in this essay. And here we may refer the reader who is 
interested on the subject to Mr. F. H. Welch's able paper on the 
subject of " Filariae in general, with an account of the species in the 
Dog and in Man," a paper of great importance, which appeared in this 
Journal for October, 1^73. Dr. Lewis in his present essay has gone 
fully into the anatomy of the worm and into the history of its origin, 
as well as that of its position in the human and the dog's bodies. From 
his researches on these points he appears to be led to the conclusion 
that though the two parasites resemble each other, and though their 
habitat is precisely similar, yet they are perfectly distinct. And this 
distinction appears in great part to depend on the possession by the 
human form of a distinct sheath, which is totally absent from the 
dog's nematode. The disease appears to be perfectly common in the 
Indian dogs, at least one-third of the animals examined by Dr. Lewis 
being found infected. He describes the following as the pathological 
appearance found in the afflicted animals. 
"1. The most striking feature is the existence of fibrous-looking 
tumours, varying from the size of a pea to that of a filbert or walnut, 
along the walls of the thoracic aorta and oesophagus, both tubes being 
affected, or only one. 2 Minute nodules in the substance of the walls 
of the thoracic aorta, from the size of a duck-shot to that of split peas. 
They can be felt as tubercles, and usually project somewhat on the 
outer surface of the vessel ; a depression or slight extravasation of 
blood, corresponding to the nodule, being visible on the inner surface 
of the aorta, and frequently a slight abrasion of the lining membrane. 
3. A pitted or sacculated appearance of various portions of the in- 
terior of the thoracic aorta with thinning of its walls at some parts; 
the lining membrane roughened at the spots affected; the roughening, 
however, is not of an atheromatous character, but due to the mem- 
brane being thrown into delicate rugae, as if from contraction of the 
middle and outer coat. 4. Enlargement and softening of some glan- 
dular body adjoining the vessels at tlje base of the heart." 
