OBSERVATIONS ON ALEXANDRIA. 459 
is still more conclusively proved, by the Ciesarium being next men- 
tioned, which was undoubtedly so named from the Temple of Caesar, 
which stood in it, and before which, according to Piiny,* were two 
obelisks, a fact which precludes the possibility of our going to the 
west of Cleopatra's Needles for the site of the Csesarium. 
It was from the Posidium that Antony carried out a mole into 
the harbour, at the extremity of which he erected a palace, which 
he named Timonium, and to which, when deserted by his friends 
after the battle of Actium, he retired with a determination to spend 
the remainder of his life in solitude. The mole and palace are no 
longer distinguishable, but the harbour is in this part considerably 
filled by heaps of stones, among which some blocks of marble, and 
broken pieces of columns, are visible at low water. 
From the manner in which Strabo mentions the Emporium, it was 
probably west of the Caesarium ; the temple of Caesar may therefore 
have possibly formed a part of the palace ; but if so, I conceive it 
must there have ended, and the public part of the city begun ; for 
beyond it, to the Heptastadium, we only hear of the Apostases and 
the naval arsenals. 
I have before observed, that the Heptastadium itself most pro- 
bably commenced at the extremity of the street which ran from 
near the pillar of Dioclesian, by the present gate to an ancient 
square tower near the letter C, which the French have included 
within the lines that defend the new town of Alexandria. From 
that spot, therefore, the port of Eunostus must have commenced, 
although, now, the sand has much narrowed its limits. Of the 
buildings on its banks Strabo gives no account, but mentions the 
^ Lib. xxxvi. cap. 9. 
