49 
t. 20, 28 — Eichwald, Zool. Special, iii. t. l.—B. Taurus Urus, Gmelin, i. 202—5. Bomsus, Linn. S. N. i. 
99.— Bos Bison, H. Smith.— Nilsson.— Wagner.— Sundev.—Baer.—5owasM5 and Juhatiis Bison, Plin.— 
Urus juhatus, Jonston. — Bison, Aldrov. — Aurochs, BufFon. — Cuvier, Oss. Foss. iv. t. 9. f. 1, 2. t. 10. f. 1 2. 
t. 12. f. 6, 7. 
Inhabits N. of Europe ; Lithuania, Poland, and Caucasus. Adult male and young female. Formerly 
in Sweden. 
A finely stuffed male, and the skeleton of a male, in the British Museum. Presented to that Listltution 
by the Emperor of all the Russias, who also presented a pair of young specimens to the Zoological Society. 
They are not nearly so low on the hind quarter as the American Bison; the carpi and tarsi being more 
elongated than in that species, and of nearly equal length ; so that they more resemble the typical Oxen in 
form : but what strikes one as the greatest peculiarity of their appearance is, that both sexes have a com- 
pressed mane of long soft hair hanging from the under side of the chin and throat to the front of the chest, 
forming a fringe of from four to eight inches in length. 
The tarsi of these specimens, which are seventeen months old, are much longer and not so thin as those 
of the adult Atnerican Bison in the Gardens. 
The American Bison or American Buffalo. Bison Americanus. 
The hind-legs not feathered; the hind-quarters very low; the head, neck, and front of the body 
covered with thick, elongated, crisp, woolly hair. 
Bos Americanus, Gmelin.— 5. Bison, lAxm.— Buffalo, Catesby, Carol, t. 20.— Bison, BufFon, H. N. Supp. iii. 
t. 5; Mam. Lith. t. .— Cuv. Oss. Foss. iv. t. 10. f. 3, 6.~American Bison, Knight, M. A. N. f. 759-762. 
Young- Calf, pale reddish brown. 
Inhabits N. America. 
A well-preserved male, shot by Mr. Audubon on the banks of the Yellow River, and stuffed in America, 
in the British Museum Collection. 
The Earl of Derby has a herd of this species. In his Notes he observes :— 
" Did I tell you that the Bison had calved ? 
" I do not knovv what the calf is ; I hope a female. 
"The young Bison is a female, and very odd-looking I am told; of a yellowish colour. I have not yet 
seen it. 
" Miss Bison progresses vastly well." — June 1846. 
" My female Bison is I hope about to be again put in the way of producing." — July 2, 1846. 
" We have had an alarm about the Bison, who has got out of his paddock and into the open park, 
having fairly swum over the great water. Very luckily he has been got back again without any mischief 
being done." — July 7, 1846. 
II. The Oxen of the Mountains and Snowy Regions, on the contrary, have an ovine nose, entirely 
covered with hair, or with only a small naked space between the nostrils, and a shorter tail. They are 
generally covered during the cold season with long pendent hair, and have a horse-like switch tail, but the 
bony part of the tail is less developed than in Oxen of the Plains. The nostrils are rather close together 
below. 
6. POEPHAGUS {Grai/). 
The nose hairy, with a narrow, central, naked muffle ; the horns are subcylindrical, far apart, lateral, 
and placed, like the Bisons, in front of the occipital ridge ; the hoofs are moderate, thick, not dilated 
or expanded, as in the Mfisk Ox ; they are square and straight in front ; the intermaxillaries are short, 
triangular, and acute behind, and do not reach to the nasal bones ; bone of the tail produced, covered 
with long hair; teats four, narrowing behind; perineum, scrotum, and inside of thigh and arm-pits 
naked. Mountains of Asia. 
These animals have many characters in common with the Bisons, as observed by Mr. Hodgson, but are 
separated by the hairy muffle, elongate fur, and switch tail. 
The Yac or Sarluk. Po 'ephagus grunniens. 
Black, or black and white varied. 
Bos ffrunniens. Linn. S. N. 99.- — Vacca grunniens, Gmelin, N. Com. Petrop. v. t. 7. — Bos po'ephagus, Pallas, 
Zool. Ross. Asiat. 249; Nov. Act. Petrop. i. 2. 332; Nord Beytr, i. 1. t. 1.— H. ^m\t\.—Boeuf velu, 
o 
