52 
The Lamas of the Western or New World have no humps on the back ; the tail is short and hairy ; the 
toes are slender, separate in front, so that the soles are half-divided. They have only five grinders on each 
side of the upper and four on the lower jaw. They are confined to the western side of South America. 
2. LAMA {Cuvier), Auchenia (^Illigef), Lacma {Tiedem?), 
Molina, and most systematic writers after him, consider that there are five distinct kinds, viz. L Vt- 
cog'na, 2. ChiUhueque, 3. Guanaco, 4. Alpaca, and 5. Gliama. 
M. F. Cuvier only allows of three kinds ; he considers the Vigogne as very doubtful, but the latter is 
often brought alive to this country. 
Dr. Tschudi, in the ' Fauna of Peru,' allows of four kinds, viz. L A. Huanaco, 2. A. Lama, 3. A. Pacos, 
and 4. A. Vicunia, t. 17; lie states that the Lama vccA Alpaca are only known in the domesticated state. 
Dr. Sundeval considers there is only two species, the A. Lama and A. Vicunna, regarding the Lama 
and Alpaca as domestic varieties of the Huanaco. 
The Wild kinds are of a nearly uniform brown colour. 
L The Vicugna. Lama Vicugna. 
Reddish brown ; belly white ; outside of limbs paler; hair moderate, of the front of the thighs and 
especially of the chest elongate and pendent ; the legs without any hard horny warts ; claws tri- 
angular ; face short ; forehead swollen, rounded ; ears elongate. 
Camelus Vicugna, Molina, Chili, 277. — Gmelin. — Auchenia Vicugna, Desm. — A. Vicunna, Sundeval, Pecora, 
107. — Lacma Vicunna, Tiedem. — -Fischer, Syn. Mam. — Auchenia Vicunia, Tschudi, Wiegm. Arch. 1824, 245 ; 
Fauna Peruv. t. 17 .—Vicunna, Laet. Nov. Orb. 406. — Nieremb. H. N. 184. f. 185.— Ulloa, Voy. i. 306. 
t. 24. f. 3. —Vicogna, BufFon, H. N. vi. 208. t. 34. — Vicognes ou Vicunas, Frezier's Voy. i. 266. 
Inhabits Peruvian Alps. Confined to the most elevated table-land and mountains of Bolivia and North 
Chili. 
2. The Guanaco. Lama Huanaca. 
Brown ; hair woolly, very dense, nearly of a uniform length ; the legs with distinct, hard, horny 
warts ; ears half as long as the head ; face rather elongate ; chest callous. 
Camelus Guanaco, Trail, Wern. Trans, iv. 492. t. . — C. Huanacus, Molina. — Lama Peruana a, Fischer, Syn. 
466. — Auchenia Lama fera, Sundeval, Pecora, 107. — Camelus glama. Linn. — Auchenia glama, var. Bennett, 
Gard. Zool. Soc. 273, fig. — Auchenia lama, Brandt. — Wagner. — Auchenia Huanaco, Tschudi, Fauna Peruv. 
— Guanano sive Huanacu, Laet, Nov. Orb. 1633, 406. — Ovalli, Chili, 44. — Ulloa, Voy. i. 36. t. 24. f. 5. 
Inhabits Peruvian Alps ; the Pampas and mountains in Chili, Mendoza, and Straits of Magellan. 
The Domesticated kind are of various colours, and the same specimens are often variegated of 
different colours. Almost all the persons who have lived in the countries inhabited by them consider that 
they are distinct species from the two wild species already described, and that there are at least two, and 
some vf'iW persist more, species of the domesticated kinds, and will not allow that they are like the long- 
legged sheep of France and the short-legged sheep of Lincolnshire, mere breeds of the same kinds ; some, 
as Tschudi (Fauna Peruana), declare that they will not breed together nor with the wild kinds, but Lord 
Derby's experience shows that this is not the case. 
The Llama, or Yamma. Lama Glama. 
Fur brown or variegated; hair on the forehead and cheeks like that of the rest of the head ; legs 
elongate, slender. 
Camelus Glama, Linn. — Cuvier, Menag. Mus. t. . — F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. . — Auchenia Glama, Desm.— 
C. Peruanus, Brisson. — L. Peruana /3. domestica, Fischer. — Lacma Peruana, Tiedem.- — Ovis Peruana, Her- 
nand. Mex. 660, fig. — Camelus Araucanus, Molina. — Lama Arucana, Y\^c\\&r.— Auchenia Lama /3. domestica, 
Sundeval, Pecora, 107.— Llama, Ulloa, Voy. i. 366. t. 24. f. 5.— Laet, Nov. Orb. 1633, 4:0b.— Vexm.— Lama, 
BufFon, H. N. xiii. 16 ; Supp. vi. 204. t. 17.— F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. . — Auchenia Lama, Tschudi, Fauna 
Peru. — ? Chiliheuque, Shaw, Zool. ii. 418. — Camelus Llacma, F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. 
Inhabits Peruvian Alps. 
These animals were first noticed under the name Elaphocamelus by Matthiola (Episc. 1561, 381, fig., and 
1564, p. 630, fig.). These figures were repeated in Marcg. Braz. 243 and Marcg. Chili, 38, and by 
Jonston (Quad. t. 46), under the name 0ms Peruana. Hernandez (Mex. 660) gives a bad figure under the 
name of Ovis Peruana. Jonston gives another figure of them under the name of Cervocamelus. Laet 
(Novus Orbis, 1633) speaks of the Llama (p. 405), the Guanaco sive Huanacu (p. 406) ; and Ulloa (Voy. 
1752, i. 366. t. 24. f 5) calls them by the same names. 
