58 
The True Stags have one or two branches on the middle of the front of the beam. 
The American kind have rather broad semicircular hoofs, a very short tail, and the withers covered 
with softer hair in winter. Strongyloceros. 
The Wapiti. Cervus Canadensis. 
Red brown ; rump with a very large pale disk extending far above the base of the tail, and with a 
black streak on each side of it ; male with hair of throat elongated, black, with reddish tips. 
Stag, Dale, Phil. Trans, n. 444, SSA.— Cerf de Canada, Perr. Anim. ii. 55. t. 45 Cuvier, R. A. i. 256.— 
Cervus Canadensis, Brisson. — Cervus Elaphus, var. Canadensis, Erxl.— Cervus Strongyloceros, Schreb. t. 247. 
—Rich. Faun. Bor. Amer. 251. — C. major, Ord.— Cervus Wapiti, Leach, Journ. Phys. Ixxxv. 66. — Ameri- 
can Elk, Bewick, Quad. — North- Western Stag, C. occidentalis, H. Smith, G. A. K. iv. 101. t. . f. 2, horn. 
— Fischer, Syn. Mam. 614, not Syn. — Wapiti, Warden, Etats Unis, v. 638. — Wied, Voy. Amer. Sept. 
iii. 302. 
Far. Smaller. - 
Red Deer (or Canadian Stag}, Warden, Etats Unis, v. 637. — ElJc, Lewis and Clerk. — Stag, Penn. Arct. Zool. 
i. 27. — Wewaskiss, Hearne, Journ. 360. 
Inhabits North America. 
Female (in summer) red-brown ; ears, middle line of the back of the neck, and back of rump and front 
of legs blackish ; rump mark yellowish. 
The Earl of Derby has forwarded me the following " Pedigree of the Wapiti Deer bred at 
Knowsley :" — 
" THE FIRST FEMALE WAS PUECHASED OF HERRING IN 1833. 
-|{Died Autumn 1844. 
By Male No. 1. 
FEMALE, 
Fawned Summer 1840. 
By Male No, 1. 
MALE No. 2. 
Fawned June or July, 1841. 
By Male No. 1. 
FEMALE, 
Fawned 1842. 
Present oldest Male, rising 
five years old. 
Sent to the Zoological Society, 
September 20, 1844. 
By Male No. 1. 
MALE, 
Fawned May ? 1843. 
Sent to the Zoological Society, 
November 25, 1843, 
with other Duplicates. 
By Male No. 1. 
MALE, 
Fawned June 13, 1843. 
By Male No. 2. 
MALE, 
Fawned June 7, 1844. 
Sent to the Zoological Society, 
September 20, 1844. 
By Male No. 2. 
Served December 18, 1844. 
MALE, 
Fawned August 15, 1845. 
By Male No. 2. 
A FEMALE, 
Not yet served. 
" Male No. 1. was purchased of Herring in autumn of 1838. Sent to the Zoological Society September 
20, 1844. 
" Male No. 2. is the one marked above with lines." — March 6, 1846. 
The species of the Western World have narrow, triangular hoofs, a moderate tail, and are covered 
with harsh hair. Cerms. 
The Stag. Cervus Elaphus. 
Brown ; rump with a pale spot extending rather above the upper surface of the base of the tail. 
Cervus, Plin. — Gesner. — Tragelaphus, Gesner (old male). — Cervus Elaphus, Linn. — C. vulgaris, Linn. — C. no- 
hilis, Klein. — C. Germanicus, Brisson. — C. Elaphus /3. Hippelaphus, Fischer, Syn. (old male). — Stag, or 
Red Deer, Pennant. — Cerf, Buffon, H. N, vi. t. 9. — Cerf commun, Cuvier. — F. Cuvier, Mam. Lith. t. 
Inhabits Europe. 
Mr. Blyth described a variety as the Hungarian Stag (Mus. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 1841, 750. t. 3. f. 11). 
Lord Derby observes :— 
" As the question of the Age of the Stag has been very much a qucestio vexata, and there are but few 
instances in which it can be spoken of with any degree of accuracy, I am inclined to think it might be of 
some use to state what is known here relative to one of our Stags, and who has latterly been honoured with 
a place in the National Collection at the British Museum. Old Billy, by which name he was well known 
to all in this neighbourhood, was bred in the Park at Knowsley in 1819, and at the usual age of three years 
was caught and sent up (1822) for the supply of the Hunting Paddocks kept by my late Father for that 
sport at The Paps, Surrey, and after being regularly hunted during some years, without any injury being 
sustained by him, had the singular good fortune of returning to his native haunts in this Park, where for 
