44 
• THE OXEN, 
As defined in the Preliminary Observations, have thick, heavy, roundish or depressed horns, vt'hich are 
situated on the frontal ridge, and bent laterally outwards and recurved at the tip. They have a broad nose, 
with the nostrils on the sides, and no tear-basf ; the skull has no suborbital pit nor fissure ; the cutting- 
teeth are nearly equal-sized, and slightly shelving outward ; the fore-leg from knee (or wrist) short, much 
shorter than the upper joint of the fore-leg ; this arises from the shortness of the cannon- compared with 
the fore-arm-bone. 
The Oxen of the Plains of warm and temperate climates have a broad, moist, naked muffle at the end 
of the nose ; they are covered with short, rigid, close-pressed hair or crisp woolly fur ; their grinders have 
well-developed supplemental lobes ; the bony part of the tail is produced, elongate, reaching to the hock. 
The True Oxen have their bodies covered with rather stiff hair ; the shoulder proportionate with the 
haunches, and the cannon-bone of the hind and fore legs of equal length. 
In some (as Bos and Buhalis) the intermaxillaries are elongate and produced behind between the nasal 
and cheek bones, and the upper lip is bald, callous and moist, as wide as the outer edge of the nostrils. 
1. BOS. 
Horns lateral, far apart at the base, placed upon the extremity of the ridge at the hinder end of the occipital 
plane ; they are cylindrical conical, circular at the base, curved upwards and outwards ; the face and 
frontal portion of the skull equal ; dorsal ridge distinct, sometimes produced into a dorsal hump ; the 
intermaxillaries are elongate, and reach to between the nasal and cheek bone. 
The Ox. Bos Taurus (Linn.). 
Forehead flat ; withers not humped. 
Bos Taurus, Linn. S. N. i. 98. — Bos domesticus, Jonston, Quad. 36. 1. 14. — Bos vel Taurus, Plin. H. N. viii. 45. 
—Boeuf, Buffon, H. N. iv. 437. t. lA.—B. ordinaire, Cuv. R. A. i. 269. 
L Chillingham Bull (Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 695, 696). 
Lihabits Scotland. Brit. Mus. 
2. English Short-Horned Cattle (Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 701). 
E. Domestic Cattle, Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. .— Yorkshire Cow, Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 698. 
3. Polish Ox. 
Inhabits Poland. Brit. Mus. 
4. Hungarian Ox. 
Wild Cattle of Maremma, Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 703, 704. 
Inhabits Hungary. Brit. Mus. 
5. South African Long-Horned Cattle (Knight, Mus. Anim. Nat. f. 710). 
Inhabits Cape of Good Hope. 
