** Horns compressed, triangular, shelving on the outer side, and rather nodulose. 
The Jharal or Fehr. Hemitragiis Jemlahicm. 
Brown. 
Capra Jemlahica, H. Smith, G. A. K. iv. t. 194. v. 358. — C. Jemliaca, H. Smith, G. A. K. iv. t. 183. f. 1, skull. 
— C. Jharal, Hodgson, Asiat. Res. 1833, t. c?. — Schinz, Sys. Verz. ii. 462. — C. quadrimammis, Hodgson, 
— Hemitragus Jemlaiceus, Hodgson. — Kemas Jemlaicus, Blyth, Ann. N. Hist. vii. 259, note. — C. tubericor- 
nis, Schinz, Sys. Verz. ii. 467. 
Inhabits India ; Nepal. 
Schinz (Sys. Verz. ii. 467) confounds this species with Capra yEgagm Cossus of Blainville, regarding 
C. Jharal (p. 462) as distinct. The Jharal has bred with the tame goats {Hodgson). 
2. CAPRA. 
Nose ovine, hairy, without any naked muffle ; horns elongate, rather compressed, recurved or subspiral, 
keeled and knobbed in front; tear-bag and inguinal pores none; forehead convex behind; hoofs 
squarish, scarcely higher before than behind ; tail very short, flattened ; chin of male bearded, espe- 
cially in winter. The older animals, especially the males, sometimes have a narrow naked coria- 
ceous muffle on the front edge of the nostrils. 
This genus may be divided into sections : 
The Ibexes. The horns recurved, subquadrangular, front wide, with cross ridges. 
The TuRS. The horns subspiral, subcylindrical ; front wide with cross ridges. 
The Goats. The horns recurved (or subspiral), compressed, with sharp nodose keel in front. 
* Horns elongated, recurved, subquadrangular, broad, crossed with transverse ridges in front, and rounded on the outer 
side ; the forehead and ears densely hairy. Ibex or Steinboc. 
The Steinbock or Ibex. Capra Ibex. 
" Horns of the male very strong, thick, subquadrangular, transversely rugose, flattish, nodose in 
front ; of female, small, compressed, slightly nodose. Fur in summer short, adpressed, without 
any under coat, ashy grey ; in winter, elongate, fulvous brown, with long dense intermixed under- 
fur ; beard short, brown, in summer wanting." — Schinz. 
Capra alpina, Gestanner.— Capm Ibex, Linn. S. N. — Schinz, Nov. Mem. Soc. Helv. ii. t. 2, horns, 1838. — 
Bouquetin, Buffon, H. N. xii. t. 13, 14.— Mam. Lith. t. .—Ibeso, Knight, M. A. N. f. 667, 668, 669, bad. 
Inhabits S, Europe ; Switzerland. 
The Jaela or Beden. Capra Nuhiana. 
Fulvous grey ; dorsal line and sides of tail blackish ; beneath white ; feet black and white spotted ; 
ears three-streaked. Male beard black ; horns very long, subtriangular above, knotted, reclinate 
on the back. Female beardless ; horns slender, smooth, rather compressed, apex slightly inclined. 
Capra Nubiana {Bouc de la Haute Egypte'), F. Cuv. Mam. Lith. t. .—Gray, Spic. Zool. t. ? .— C. Arabica, 
Mus. Vind.— C. Jaela, H. Smith, G. A. K. v. 869 (not figure).— C. Sinaitica, Ehrenb. Sym. Phys. t. 18. 
— Gene, Mem. Turino, xxxvii. t. ? .—Capra Beden, Schinz. — Capra Ibex {Baden), Forskael, Faun. Arab, 
iv. — Cretan Wild Goat, Belon fig. . 
Inhabits N. Africa. Brit. Mus. "Crete. Konigsberg Museum " (^/«w). Senegal. Mus. Paris. 
The Walie. Capra Valie. 
Horns thick, nodose, subrhomboidal at the base ; forehead with a protuberance in front. Brown, 
beneath whitish ; feet white ; legs and feet with a black mark in front ; beard moderate. 
Capra Valie, Ruppell, Abyss. Fauna, t. 6. 
Inhabits Abyssinia. Mus. Frankfort. 
Very likeC. Nubiana, half-grown; but Dr. Ruppell thinks the prominence in front of the forehead peculiar. 
The Teek or Takiga. Capra Sibirica. 
Pale grey ; sides of lower jaw blackish brown ; ears oblong ; beard large, dependent. 
Ibex Sibiricarum, Pallas, Spic. Zool. xi. t. 3 ; t. 5. f. A.— Capra Ibex, Schreber. — Mgoceros Ihex, Pallas, Z. R. A. 
i. 22A.~C. Mgagus, Hutton, Calcutta Journ. N. H. ii. 521. t. 19 P—C Sibirica, Schinz, Nov. Mem. Soc. 
Helv. ii. t. 2, horns, 1838. 
Inhabits Siberia ; Altai Mountains, Brit. Mus. 
