58 
C. W. Stuart & Co., Newark, New York. 
COMMON FUNGOUS DISEASES. 
Apple and Pear Blight. Follow directions in Spraying Cilendar, and, in addition, cut off 
and burn all allVcted parts as soon as noticed. 
Apple Scab. Follow Sprayinij Calendar. 
Grape Rot. Follow Spraying Calendar. Manilla paper ba.gs, secnrely pinned oyer the 
bunches, early in the season, aic a preventive of the rot, and also a protection against birds, 
wasps, and other insects. 
Powdery Mildew on Grapes. Follow Spraying Calendar, and dust the vines with pow- 
dered sulphur two or three times during llie season. 
Black-knot of Plum and Cherry. Spray with Formula 3, and cut off all knots, cutting 
back into good wood, and burn. 
INSECTS. 
Apple-tree Borer. The round-headed apple-tree borer {S<rpfrda caiidiiia) is a larva 
hatched from the egg of a brownish beetle, with two longitudinal white stripes along its back, 
which deposits its eggs late in June or July near the surface of the ground, where the bark is 
tender. As soon as hatched, the grub gnaws its way into the inner bark or sapwood, and 
continues to girdle and perforate the trunk during three summers, coming out of tlie tree at 
the end of three years in the beetle form. There arc a number of remedies for this pest. 
( I ) F,.\amine the tree, and cut the borers out with the point of a knife, or kill them by thrust- 
ing a flexible wire as far as possible into the holes. The place where the larva enters can 
usually be detected by the sawdust-like castings that are pushed out. (2) To prevent the 
parent beetle from laying eggs, apply to trunk of tree, the last of April or early in May, and 
again about a month later, a solution made by mi.xing i quart of soft soap with 2 gallons of 
water heated to boiling, and then add a pint of crude carbolic acid. Apply with a scrub- 
brush or cloth. 
Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer (CInysoholhris femoraln) . The adult is a beetle about 
half an inch long (belonging to the Snapping Beetle family), and is very dark green al)Ove, 
with bronze reflections, especially in the furrows of the wing covers. It appears in June and 
July, and lays its eggs on the trunk and limbs of apple, peach, oak, and other trees. The 
larva first bores into the bark and sapwood, and later into the solid wood. The larva.niatures 
in one vear. Kub the branches and truTik with soap din ing June and July, or place a piece 
of soap in the crotch of the tree, so that the rains will dissolve it and wash it down over the 
trunk. 
Peach Borer (Sannuia exiliosa). These grubs hatch from eggs deposited (nsii.ally dur- 
ing INlay, l>ut also at dilTereiU times until last of Scptemlier) by a slender, dark blue 4-winged 
moth. They become small white borers, penetrating and devouring the sapwood, emerging 
again the nt-xt spring in the winged form, and depositing eggs for another generation. The 
remedies are: (i) Cut out the l)orers, as recommended under Apple-tree Borers. (21 Earth 
up (about I foot high) around the trunks of the trees in early sjiring, and level down in 
October, and when leveling down, if any bugs have entered, trace and kill them. (3) If you 
don't earth up, apply the solution reconnnended for painting the trunks of apple trees 
for borers. 
All borers that infest nut-trees, shade-trees and grape-vines should be hunted out and 
killed. 
Apple-tree Tent- Caterpillar iClisiocampa Amc'ricana) . This is the larva cjf a dull, 
reddish brown or yellowish brown moth, with 2 whitish lines on the fore-wings. The eggs 
hatch in early spring, just before the leaves appear. The larv.e that lirst batch feed on the 
unopened buds. The entire brood that hatch from one cluster of eggs keep together .and 
build a tent, in which tliev live. The larvie leave the lem daily in search of food, and spin a 
silken thre.id wherever they go. They are fully grown the latter i>art of May or early 
June, and at that lime mav be fomid crawling about the grouriil in search of a suitable place 
to spin their cocoon. The larv;e maybe distinguished from the Forest Tent- Caterpillar by 
having a while line down the back, while the Forest Tent-Caterjiillar has a row of spots, one 
on each segment. The adult moths appe.ir about the middk: of June. The eggs are soon 
laid, each female laving all her eggs in a single ring-like clusti r about ;i twig, where they 
remain unliatched till the following spring The easiest way to light this pest is to destroy 
the webs, containing the larv:e, as soon as they appear in the spring. Tbis should be done 
early in the nujrning or late in the ;iflerno^)n, or on a cold da\', when the larv;e are not 
.scattered over the tree feeding. I se a pole with a forked end. twisting tlie nest on it. and 
.stamping the worms to death. On small trees, strip off by hand, or apply Formula i or 2 at 
the .same time as forCodlin Motli, as the same application destroys liotli. 
The Canker Worm (Palcacrita vernala and Ahophila piniielaria). The sluggish, 
wingless female moth rises out of the groinid very early in the spring, and slowly ascends 
the trunk of the tree, laying eggs in clusters on tile bark, to which they are secured by a 
grayish varnish. These usually hatch .about the time the young leaves begin to grow, when 
the'little worms at once begin to feed on the foliage The larva is a "measuring worm " or 
"loop worm" of a pale brownish color, marked with darker brown and yellow. I'-ncircle 
the trunk of the tree with bands of canvas or heavy paper,) or .s inches wide, which have been 
thickly stueared with tar, thus trapping the female moth. Or use Fornuda 1 or 2, at the same 
time, and as recommended for Codlin Moth. 
