Fruit Trees, Small Fruits and Ornamentals. 
27 
THE TRUE KMIFFIN TRAINING. 
(Above out is usc<l by courtesy of Prof. L H Bailey, Cornell University, State Experiment Station.] 
SELECT GRAPES. 
The soil for tile Grape should be dry and warm, thoroughly drained, deeply worked, and 
well maiun ed, always Ijearing in mind that a sunny exposure is desirable — a slope to the 
south or east is the best. If a northern incline must be had, only the hardy, earlj- ripening 
sorts should be planted. 
DIRECTIONS FOR TRIMMING GRAPE VINES. 
Grape vines may be trimiiu-d at any lime in the winter, but it should be done at least a 
nunUh prior to the time the buds usually swell. 
In trimming, the vine should always be cut off from i to 2 inches beyond the last bud 
that is to be left, that the bud may not be injured from the drying out of the end of the cane. 
If planted in the sprint;, at the time of transplanting, cut back to one stem and leave but 
one eye on the stem. If |)lanteil in the fall, ilefer pruning mUil spring. 
Vines should be planted 8 to 12 feet apart, according to variety, as some of the more 
rapid-growing sorts rec|uire nearly double the room of others eqtially vigorous, but which are 
compact, short-jointetl kinds. 
Strong posts should he set 40 to 50 feet apart, and sligliter supports, to which wire should 
be stapled, will answer between. No. 9 wire will answer. Lower wire, 3'.' feet from the 
ground ; upper wire, ,5 feet 9 inches from the groinid. 
In northern sections, to winter successfully, lay the vines on the ground each fall, and 
fasten securely with pegs, or a little earth thrown on them will hold them close to the ground, 
where they will usually be coveretl with snow. Tie to trellis in early spring. In .southern 
sections, let them remain on the trellis. 
THESE DIRECTIONS are based on what is about an average growth o! vine ; i! the 
growth is less than an average growth at any period, repeat the trimming directions of 
the previous season until the growth of the vine is up to the position desired. 
LIST OF LEADING GRAPES. 
enabled to endure the winter in colder sec- 
tions. \'alu:d)le both as a family Grape and 
for vineyard purposes. Bei'ries above me- 
dium size to large : color usuall>" of a red 
when first ripe, and changing to a reddish 
purple if allowed to hang long on the vine, 
covered with a blue bloom. Kruit keeps well 
for an early < irai>e, either on or off the vine. 
Brighton. Red. Early. Its remarkable 
hardiness of vine, large ;uid compact bunch, 
delicate skin, .-ilmosl seedless jnilp, and rich 
llavor :n-e (|ualilies that make the Brighton 
one of tile most desirable sorts. It has thick, 
large foliage, and is thus enal>led to stand 
the heat <»f smnnier. Being a vigorous 
grower, it exhibits e.vtreme hardiness, and is 
