COMMON FUNGUS DISEASES. 
Apple and Pear Blight. Follow directions in Spraying Calendar, and in addition, cut off and 
burn all the affected parts as soon as noticed. 
Apple Scab. Follow Spraying Calendar. 
Grape Rot. Follow Spraying Calendar. Manilla paper bags, securely pinned over the 
hunches, early in the season, are a preventive of the rot, and also a protection against birds, 
wasps, and other insects. 
Powderly Mildew on Grapes. Follow Spraying Calendar, and dust the vines with jiowdered 
sulphur two or three times during the season. 
Black-knot of Plum and Cherry. Spray with Formula 8, and cut off all knots, cutting back 
into good wood, and burn. 
INSECTS.— Apple-tree Borer. The round-headed apple-tree borer (Saperda Candida) is a 
larva hatched from the egg of a brownish beetle, with two longitudinal white strijies along its 
back, which deposits its eggs late in June or July near the surface of the ground, where tlie bark 
is tender. As soon as hatched, the grub gnaws its way into the inner bark or sapwood, and con- 
tinues to girdle and perforate the trunk during three summers, coming out of the tree at the end 
of three years in the beetle foi-m. There are a number of remedies for this pest. (1) Examine 
the tree, and cut the borers out with the point of a knife, or kill them by tlirusting a flexible 
wire as far as possible into the holes. The place where the larva enters can usually be detected 
by the sawdust-like castings that are pushed out. (2) To prevent the parent beetle from laying 
eggs, apply to trunk of tree, the last of April or early in May, and again about a month later, a 
•solution made hy mixing 1 quart of soft soap with 2 gallons of water heated to boiling, and then 
add a pint of crude carbolic acid. ."Viiidy with a scrub-brush or cloth. 
Flat-headed Apple-tree Borer (Chri/xobothrisfemorata). The adult is a beetle about half an 
inch long (belonging to the Snafiping Beetle family), and is very dark green above, with bronze 
reflections, especially in the furrows of the wing covers. It aspeiirs in June and July, and lays 
its eggs on the trunk and limbs of apple, peach, oak, and other trees. The larva fir.st bores into 
the bark and sapwood, and later into the solid wood. The larva matures in one year. Rub the 
branches and trunk with soap during June and July, or place a piece of soap in the crotch of the 
tree, so that the rains will dissolve it and wash it down over the trunk. 
Peach Borer (Sannina exitiosa). These grubs hatch from eggs deposited (usually during 
May, but also at different times until last of September) by a slender, dark blue 4-winged moth. 
They become small white borers, penetrating and devouring the sapwood, emerging again the 
next spring in the winged form, and depositing eggs for another generation. The remedies are : 
(1) Cut out the borers, as recommended under .4ppie-tree Borers. (2) Earth up (about 1 foot 
high) around the trunks of the trees in early spring, and level down in October, and when level- 
ing down, if any bugs have entered, trace and kill them. (3) If you dor't earth up, apply the 
solution recommended for painting the trunks of apple trees for borers. It is how becoming the 
custom to paint the crown of the tree with gas tar. This should be done in the spring. 
All borers that infest nut-trees, shade-trees and grai)e-vinHS should be hunted out and 
killed. 
Apple-tree Tent-Caterpillar (Clisiocampa Americana). This is the larva of a dull, reddish 
brown or yellowish brown moth, with 2 whitish lines on the fore wjngs. The eggs hatch in early 
spring, just before the leaves appear. The larvfe that first hatc:h feed on the unopen buds. 
The entire brood that hatch from one cluster of eggs keep together and build a tent, in which 
they live. The larva; leave the tent daily in search of food, and spin a silken thread wherever 
they go. They are fully grown the latter part of May or early in June, and at that time may be 
found crawling about the ground in search of a suitable place to spin their cocoon. The larvae 
may be di.stinguished from the Forest Tent-Caterpillar by having a white line down the back, 
while the Forest Tent-Cater])illar has a row of spots, one on each segment. The adult moths 
appear about the middle of June. The eggs are soon laid, each female laying all her eggs in a 
ring-like cluster about a twig, where they remain unhatched until the following .spring. The 
ea-siest way to fight the pest, is to diwtroy the welis, containing the larviB, as soon as they appear 
in the spring. This should be done early in the morning or late in the afternoon, or on a cold 
day, when the larvje are not scattered over the tree feeding. Use a pole with a forked end, 
twisting the nest on it, and stamping the worms to death. On small trees, strip off' by hand, or 
apply Formula 1 or 2 at the same time as for Codlin Moth, as the same ai)plication destroys 
both. 
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