The Canker Worm (Paleacrita vermta and Alsophila pometarm). The sluEKiwh, wingless 
female moth rises out of tlie ground very early in the spring, and .slowly ascends the trunk of 
the tree, ?iying eggs in clusters on the bark, to whioh they are secured by a grayish varnish. 
These usually hatch about the time the young leaves begin to grow, when the little woniis begin 
at once to feed on the foliage. The larva is a "measuring worm" or "loop worm" of a pale 
brownish color, marked with darker brown and yellow. Encircle the trunk of the tree with 
hands of canva,ss or heavy jiajier 4 or 5 inches wiile, which have been thickly smeared with tar, 
thus trapping the female moth. Or use Formula 1 or 2, at the same tinie, and as reccmimended 
for Cndlin Molh. 
Grape Flea Beetle {Hallica chalybe.a). So called bei-ause their thigl;s are very large, and 
fitted for jumping. The beetle is about one-si.\th of an inch in length, and of a dark, steel'-blue 
color. It eats the buds in the early spring, and later gnaws holes in the leaves. In May and 
June the sluggish larva?, brown in color, may also lie found feeding on the upper surface of the 
leaves. Spray with formulas 1 and 2— early for the beetles, and later, in May and June, for the 
grubs. 
The Grape Leaf-Hopper (Erylhroneura vilis). Pass between the rows at night with a torch, 
shaking the vines to start the insects. They will fly to the light and be destroyed. 
Plant Lice. Spray with kerosene emulsion (Formula 3). 
Apple Worm or Codlin Moth (Carpoaipsa pomondla). The parent moth of this insect de 
],osits its eggs in spring in the blossom end of the young apple, bclo re he latter ha.s turned 
down on its stem. From this egg there hatches a small worm that eats^ its way towards the 
core, feeding and increasing in size as the apple develojis, causing the fruit to drop prematurely. 
Apple Formula 1 or 2, just after the blossoms have fallen, and before the young ap|)le has turned 
down on the stem ; and in case there is a washing rain afterward, repeat the application. Apply 
by means of a force-pump and spray-nozzle, throwing the liquid above the tree, so that it will 
settle in a fine mist. 
Curculio (Ctmotrachelus nenuphar) a great enemy of the plum, apricot and cheny. Jar the 
trees, and catch the insects upon sheets and burn or likewise destroy them. Another remedy i.s 
to spray the jilum tree soon after blossoms fall with formula 1 or 2, repeating the application 
once or twice at intervals of ten days. 
Army Worm (Levcania unipnnda). This is the larva of a moth of dull brownish color, 
marked in the center of each fore-wing with a distinct white spot. The laiwa is IJ inches lon<' 
■when full grown, and is striped with black, yellow and green. It is present every year, but 
attracts attention only when it appears in great numbers. In seasons of serious outbreak it 
•usually appears in limited areas in meadows or pastui-es. After destroying the vegetation in the 
field where the eggs were laid, it marches like an amy to another field. If discovered before 
it has left these places, it can be confined by surrounding the field with a ditch, or killed 
ty formula 1 or 2, or other fields may be protected by a ditch with vertical walls in the same 
•way, and by digging a post-hole here and there in the bottom of the ditch the •worms will fall 
to the bottom, and can be destroyed. See Spraying Calendar. 
SUITABLE DISTANCES FOR PLANTING. 
Apples, Standard. ..,S2 to 40 ft. apart each way 
Apricots 16 to 18 " " " " 
Blackberries... .2 ft. in row, fi ft. between rows 
Cherries, Sweet 18 to 20 ft. apart each way 
Sour 1() to 18 " " " "■ 
Currants 4 to .5 " " " " 
Oooseberfies 4 to 5 " " " " 
Nectarines If, to 18 ft. apart each way 
Pears, Standard 20 " " " " 
" Dwarf to to 12 " ' 
Plums Kite 18" " 
Peaches..; 16 to 18 ' 
Quinces 14 to 1.5 " " " " 
Raspberries 3 to 7 " ' 
NUMBER REQUIRED FOR AN ACRE. 
At 3 feet apart each way 4,840 At 15 feet apart each wav.... 200 
At 4 " 2,729 At 16 170 
At .5 " " " " 1,74.5 At 18 " " " " ... . 135 
At 6 " " " " 1,200 At 20 " 110 
At 8 " " " " 680 At 25 
70 
At 10 " ' 430 At 30 " " " " 50 
At 12 ' " 3f-5 At 32 
At 14 " " " " 222 At 40 
43 
28 
To estimate the number of plants required for an acre at any given distance, multiply the 
distance between the rows by the distance between the plants, which will give the number of 
square .feet allotted to each i)lant, and divide the number of square feet in an acre (43,560) by 
this nu.mber. The quotient will be the numher of plants required. ' 
