Newark, New York State 
t . i- PLTOS— Should be planted 15 to 20 feet apart, in cluatera, as so planting assures mor6 complete 
fertilization of the b ossoins, thereby giving the fullest returns of the most deUcious fi^t. Plums should have 
nch soil, which should be kept well cultivated. ouuuiu imvo 
, ^'5- PEACHES— Should be planted 10 to 18 feet apart. To secure healthy, vigorous and fruitful trees 
and fine fruit, the following nomts must bo well attended to: 1. Keep the ground clean and mellow 2 Keen 
the heads low— the trunks sliould not exceed 3 feet in height. 3. Give them an occasional dressing with wood 
f^n J Praue every snrmg. ahortemng the shoots of tie previous year's growth; this keeps the head round 
full and well furnished with bearing wood. Cut weak shoots back about one-half and strong ones one-third" 
but see that there is kit a sufficient supply of fruit buds. Sickly and superfluous shoots shouldbe cut out clean' 
„M„ Ji" . if ?' ^y?' ? growth, and hence the necessity of keeping up a good supply of vigorous 
tr.^l 1, n l' n"" i*'!" ^"^^ '^ excellent fertilizer for peach trees; soap suds is also good. Voung 
trees should be well nmlchcd every spring, or kept well cultivated until about the middle of July each year. Would 
advise planting a good windbreak on south side of orchard. 
'^-u *P^COTS AND NECTARINES-Should be planted 16 to 18 feet apart, and need the same manage- 
ment, culture and training as the peach. "-""os"^ 
t«nuJk« .CURRANTS AND GOOSEBERKIES-Should be planted in the garden 4 feet apart; sawdust and 
tanbarks should be used as a mu ch. The currant flourishes in almost any kind of soil, but to have the fruit in 
?tnn?, ,l?"h,','ii;°o '1 ,A '^'^"P so'lv?'"' 8'™ good annual pruning and cultivation. When plants are grown as 
stools or bushes, the older and feebler canes should be cut out and the stem and root kept free from suckers. 
rnw ;,',*,i=„^^f^^^^^.^~^'"';''!^ ''^ plant«d 4 feet apart each way or rows 5 feet apart, and 3 feet apart in 
Ji7h III , P ,}■■ m'" 'f""" "'O'sture well in drought. In training, allow only a few canes to grow from 
■ ' ''a- l"? "Tf^ ?u "y''^'? to throw the strength into the stalk for bearing; all old canes should be re- 
moved immediately after the fruit la all picked. 
»h,,„i,M>. ^^^ACfBERRIES- Require the same kind of soU and treatment as Raspberries, except that they 
^,u.i ,1^ u fowa .8 feet wide and 4 feet apart in the row. A neat and improved method of pruning w¥l 
make the plants self-sustaimng bushes, viz.: as soon as the plants are about 4 feet high, cUp off the points ol the 
S^?,Tn"f fh"" r'JPfttlie operation several times, until they assume the form of a bush. If not pmned in this 
and mackberries"'™ " °' Mulching is of great advantage to both Raspberries 
an„rt^°Ti,??^'^^~'i^?'''°,*'"' for fastening to trellis or arbor, should be 8 feet apart; if tied to stakes, 6 feet 
fhp 1^ ^? ??* '""^ * '^''^ ^''^ """l 2 f-iet deep. Burying hones under the roots makes 
the vines more prolific and fruit of better quality. The bones should be in the bottom of the hole and covered with 
e^n hei'of Z'JT °V k''*-'' *,° '"i'l" '^^ amongst the bones; then fill up with mellow soil to within 5 or 
them wHl, w ""i,™* ''7'.f ^'°^?? ''°?*^: straighten the roots to their natural position and cover 
to nToistenfhn 1 °ni'°'';i?''S"i* " 'T'"^'' >t carefully with the hand; then sprinkle on sufficient water 
^•Ir the mot T>L v n"" i'V*""'" T** '^"iZ"'! ^™ ^ ^^^^"^ ^ ^ f^^' ^'^t^ ^^ould be driven 
^hnr, ? M !i i*'™" ,The first year train one shoot only up to stake; pinch off all the 
buds of the^^^mH * T^'f'S' °' '^"'1' appear during the first season ; cut vine down to within 3 or 4 
Duas of the ground. The following season train up two shoots in the same manner. 
Mnrk^nnt ^2^^?^^^^^^'^'^^^'^ ^^^ ground as for other crops; if not already rich, make it so by manuring. 
Mark out rows the desired width and set plants 12 to 17 inches in rows; if set 12 inches in rows 4 feet apart an 
Sew bed llTyl 'orTve'^lT'TTiZ I' ' ' '?^^ ^ feet apart. Keep in rows and cultivate.''"piant 
shnnW Li t ' 11 1 < ^^l'^ winter, when the ground is frozen, cover the whole with long straw, 
Jo^L„ , K • partially removed from the row m the spring, but enough allowed to remain on the ground as mu'ch 
u , l""^ "'''^ ° fo'lo;""? S"'"""". When plants are moved in the fall, they should be left until Septem- 
evL»„ n" *°°,?*r'y thoplants are not as likely to live, as the roots are soft and spongy and wiU not bear 
exposure so weU as after they have become matured and ripened. u »iii noi oear 
enrin„^ni„nJ^7''u^^'^^ '^^'f® V^^^ PROCURED IN THE FALL-Procuring trees in the autumn for early 
spring planting is recommended, when the purchaser is not prepared to plant in the fall or prefers spring setting 
?ToZ7JJ\T.'l T.^V^f" *° young trees and plants in the fall. The greatest adTanfagef derived 
tha?a c ,m„ hn, h„» T l""" roots have been cut or pruned, it will be found upon tSking them up in the spring, 
^ntnr„ '"rmed, ready for producing of new rootlets, and the trees being planted without much ex- 
make twice X 'V'Tl 1" ° T",''f™""= thoroughly established tL'^first season and" bould 
make t« ce the growth o late-p anted trees, and the labor of planting is done before the rush of spring work sets 
that win invite nX?'" "^"i f °' '^"'".'"•i" oof stand during winter and no grass or litter 
enough to aHmiT n^» 1 " }^'""'}' ^""'b "'■fordi'ig to the amount of trees to be heeled in, and deep 
earth on ?he hank ''"Pl""^ ^"f"^^ *° *"f^ He at an angle of 30 degrees, thrownng the 
fayer o? trees nl^in' lit^^ trenches so as to make a more perfect slope on which to place the trees. Put in one 
m,Xt . -1 i', P "g, '^9ots as close together as can conveniently be done; cover them with well-nulverized 
K rf L7/L"P T-*''" ^,?'^r' i* f '^r^l!'"^ worked in about the roots as if tC were be n^P an ed ; 
the irt .h^w ti, ' thrown up around the bodies so that the water will run off and away from the trees-l 
tne dirt thus thrown up will also be a protection against mice. 
tl,».„,^''^''''•*''^''*' ?",'! -Apricot trees should he mounded up every winter and allowed to remain a little later in 
the spring to insure full crops and protect them from late frosts. reuiam a iinie laier in 
A TABLE SHOWING THE NUMBER OF TREES OR PLANTS TO THE ACRE 
Distance No. of trees Distance No of tree, 
1 foot apart each way 43,5(>0 13 feet apart each way. 257 
2 feet apart each way 10,890 14 feet apart each way 222 
3 feet apart each way 4,840 15 feet apart each way . . Tos 
4 feet apart each way 2,702 16 feet apart each way . 170 
o feet apart each way 1,742 17 feet apart each way }sO 
0 feet apart each way 1.210 18 feet apart each way I?i 
' "part each way 888 19 feet apart each way! Ao 
8 feet apart each way 680 20 feet apart each wav ' ' JoS 
a oet apart each way 537 25 feet apart each way. ... C9 
lU eot apart each way 434 30 feet apart each way 48 
11 eet apart each way 360 ,35 feet apart each way . . as 
12 feet apart each way 302 40 feet apart each vra^ 28 
.r.A .1 R^5~?'"'n'?'''A'^* distance in feet between the rows by the distance the plants are apart in the rows 
fn 1 .cr^'r^'^mT'" -u "'""ber of square feet for each plant or hill, which, divfded into the number of fret 
m an acre (43,500), wiU give the number of plants or trees to the acre. 
61 
