C. W. Stuart Company, Nurserymen 
SUITABLE DISTANCES FOR PLANTING 
Apples, Standard 30 to 40 feet Grapes 8 to 10 feet 
Apples, Dwarf S to 10 feet Currants 3 to 4 feet 
Pears, Standard 18 to 20 feet Gooseberries 3 to 4 feet 
Pears, Dwarf 10 feet Raspberries, Red 3 to 4 feet 
Peaches 10 to 18 feet Raspberries, Black 4 to 5 feet 
Nectarines and Apricots 16 to IS feet Blackberries 5 to 7 feet 
Cherries, Sweet IS to 20 feet Strawberries,' in rows 1 by 3}^ feet 
Cherries, Sour 15 to IS feet Strawberries, in beds IH by IH feet' 
Plums 16 to 20 feet Asparagus, in beds 1 by IH feet 
Quinces ^ 10 to 12 feet Asparagus, in field 1 by 3 feet 
Insects and Fungus Enemies of Fruit Trees and Plants 
Only a few years ago little or nothins was known about fungus diseases, and almost nothing about the 
i»9ect3 that trouble the fruit grower. But we know now the life history of all the common msects, as well us the 
fungus diseases, and know how to combat them at each stage of their life. It is only necessary to follow directions 
and be prompt and thorough, to insure success. A man will spend weeks cultivating his corn field, that will 
barely >ield a crop to cover the labor, and begrudge a week's time to his fruit, that will yield him returns running 
into hundreds of dollars in profit per acre. We give below some general directions for spraying and caring for 
fruit that, if followed, will insure success. 
Insects — There are some insects that escape our attention entirely, unless we look closely. Among these 
are the gnats, mites, scale-lice and the ordinary plant-lice. These are all insects that live by sucking the sap of 
the plant for food, and have to be combated with some mixture that dries on them, stopping up their breathing 
pores, which are arranged along their sides, or else by their caustic action eats away their tissues and destroys 
them They have a great many natural enemies. Among them are the Ichneumon Flies — a fly looking much 
like a tiny wasp, and the Ladv Bug. The insects that eat the leaves for food, such as the Potato Bug. the Apple 
Tree Tent-Caterpillar, etc.. are killed by poisoning their food, and some form of arsenic has been found best for 
this purpose. 
Fungus — Fungus is a plant — a parasite plant — living by throwing its roots in the tissues of the plant on 
which it lives, and appropriating its sap. It grows very rapidly when once started, and, as it is beneath the skin 
of the leaf or bark during the greater part of its life, if once started it is hard to stop, so that to be successful y 
combatted work must be begun before any signs of the fungus appear. Usually fungus shows itself conspicuously 
only when it has gone to seed. Its seeds are called spores, and are transmitted from plant to plant by the wind. 
To the naked eye they appear like grains of very fine dust. 
rormulas. Note — Wherever lime is called for in the following mi.\turos. it is to be weighed before slaking, 
then slaked and the creamy white wash, after straining to remove lumps, added to the solution. 
ARSENITE OF LEAD 
Lead Arsenite 1 pound 
Water 150 gallons 
BORDEAUX MIXTURE 
(Standard formula) 
Copper sulahate (Blue Vitriol) 4 pounds 
Lime (fresh) 4 pounds 
Water 50 gallons 
Use about half of the water to dissolve the copper sulphate. Do this by suspending the crystals near 
the surface in a bag of coarse material. Put the lime in another vessel, and add water enough to thoroughly 
slake. Then add the remainder of the 50 gallons (about 25 will have been used for the copper sulphate, 1 or 2 
for slaking the lime; use the remainder— 23 or 24 gallons— for diluting lime). 
Have a large vessel capable of holding 50 gallons and into this pour at the same time, the lime solution and 
the copper sulphate solution. The spray tank or barrel may be used for this purpose. 
LIME-SULPHUR 
The lime-sulphur solution seems destined to take the place of the Bordeaux mixture and many other copper 
sprays that have been in use a long time. 
(For the best information about Lime-Sulphur send for Penn. Expt. Sta. Bulletin 92, July, 1909; or their 
latest bulletin on the subject.) 
Lime, Fresh ' 15-20 pounds 
Sulphur, flowers 15 I"'""<'-' 
Water 50 gallons 
Place lime in an iron kettle over fire and slake with about 8 to 10 gallons of water. Add the sulphur and 
salt then thoroughly boil the mixture for from forty to sixty minutes and stir constantly Do not add any more 
water than is needed to keep the mixture from sticking and burning. Strain the mixture and add enough hot water 
to make 50 gallons. 
TOBACCO SOLUTIONS 
These can be prepared by boiling tobacco stems in water, two gallons to each pound of steins. Good 
for sucking insects. 
Commercial solutions can bo obtained. Use according to directions accompanying them. 
62 
