PROCEEDINOS OF OEOI-OGICAL SOCIETIES. 
31 
mountains and the black bouldcr-like igneous rock. 2. Then came the erup- 
tions in the Tertiary period, the asiies of which form beds in the Tertiary rock. 
3. Tlien the eruptions on the upheaval of the Tertiary cliffs : these appear as 
cones above faults on the Tertiary beds and on the edges of cliffs. 4. Lastly 
the eruptions that have broken through the Tertiary beds, and the lava-streams 
of which follow the natural valleys of the country. The volcanic phenomena 
were illustrated by maps and numerous sketches by the author. Some Ter- 
tiary Terehratuke, some few fossd plants, and some Cretaceous fossils {Inocera- 
mm and BelenmiteUa) accompanied this memoir. 
3. " On the Geology of a part of South Australia." By T. Burr, Esq, 
Prom the Colonial Office. 1848. 
The lowlands about Adelaide on the west, and along the river Murray on 
the east, consist of horizontal beds of limestone and calcareo-siUceous deposits, 
yellowish and reddish in colour, full of marine fossils, and of the Tertiary age. 
Sometimes gypsum and ferruginous sand replace the limestone. These plains 
are arid, except where granite protrudes from the surface, presenting cavities 
in wliich rain-water collects. The author observed a similar Tertiary forma- 
tion on Yorke's Peninsula, at Port Lincoln, and to the S.E. to beyond Rivoli 
Bay ; and it probably forms vast tracts in New South Wales and Western 
Australia. None of these tertiary districts appear to exceed an elevation of 
three hundred feet above the sea. 
Li describing two voleanos in South Australia, Mount Gambler and Mount 
Schauck, Mr. Burr remarked that, coming from the west or north-west at about 
twenty miles from these hills a white coral-limestone (Bryozoan limestone), 
containuig flint or chert, takes the place of the limestones and calcareous 
sandstones, with recent sand-formations, previously passed over. This 
white limestone is remarkable for the numerous deep well-like water-holes 
in it, within about twelve miles of the volcanic mountains, and about east or 
west of them. 
Mount Gambler has a height of nine hundred feet above the sea (six hun- 
dred feet above the plain), and has three craters, lying nearly east and west, 
and occupied with lakes of fresh -water. Mount Schauck, at a distance of 
about nine miles, magnetic south, is cii'Ciilar, and has one large, and two 
small lateral craters. 
The author next described the granite, gneiss, and slaty rocks along a sec- 
tion extending from the River Murray and Kangaroo Range, across Mount 
Barker and Mount Lofty, towards Adelaide ; and noticed the mode of occur- 
rence of the ores of copper, iron, lead, &c., in these rocks. Lastly he noticed 
and explained the occurrence of calcified stems of trees, standing in the posi- 
tion of their growth, in the sand-dunes in the Gulf of St. Vincent, near 
Adelaide. 
4. " On some Tertiary deposits in South Australia." By the Rev. Julian 
Edmund Woods. Communicated by the President. 
The author, in the first place, described the geographical features of that 
art of the colony of South Australia to wliich his observations refer. It lies 
etween the River Murray on the west, and the colony of Victoria on the east ; 
and includes an area of one hundred and fifty-six miles long, north and south, 
and seventy broad from east to west. Some trap-dykes and four volcanic 
lulls are almost the only interruptions to the horizontality of these plains, 
which rise gradually from the sea, and are occupied by the Tertiary beds 
to be noticed; they extend into Victoria for some seventy miles, as far as 
Port Pairy. 
In some places on the plains a white compact unfossiliferous limestone lies 
under the surface-soil ; and is sometunes thirty-feet thick. Under this is a 
fossiliferous limestone. The passage between the two is gradual. This latter 
