BRITISH ASSOCIATION MIOETING. 
29 
Tn tlic first, I would mention that remains of very hirgc animals were met 
with, tiic occurrence of portions of several mammoths being ])roved by the pre- 
sence of various grinders belonging not merely to very young, but also to sonie- 
wliat mature animals, a fourtli molar of the lower jaw of an animal of this 
species luiving been found six and a-quarter inches in length, the breadth at its 
widest ])art being two aud a-quarter inclies, contaming sixteen plates, which 
have iill been brought into use, the tooth bemg worn down at its anterior ex- 
tremity, so as to exhibit the common iiniting base of dentine along the margins 
of the first aud second plates. A second corresponding molar of tlie lower jaw 
wantmg a few plates at its anterior portion, together with fragments of two 
other fourth molars in difi'ereut stages of development were also met with, aud 
teeth of larger size tlian these were mdicated by the presence in the clay of 
few fractured portions of one or more molar teeth of the rhinoceros, but no 
mammoth's or other large bones were discovered. 
The above facts being considered, can we allow that such ponderous animals 
could have fallen upon a soft tenacious bed of clay, without sinking more than 
a few inches into it ? or that their skeletons could have been washed down from 
above, without a much greater disturbance of the clay than was found to be 
indicated by the parallel and undistiu'bed arrangement of its laminated por- 
tions ? Coidd, moreover, these monsters have fallen into the cavern, without 
a much greater apparent disturbance of the beds of limestone having been 
caused by the formation of a sufficiently large opening ; and would not, in such 
cases, numerous other parts of the skeleton have been met with ? 
Secondly, numerous teeth of elk or deer and of ox were found, but 
no antlers nor horn-cores belonging to such animals (a single fragment of the 
base of an antler and one small horn-core excepted), which would, most pro- 
bably, have been the case, had the fissure been a lar^e one, and some fragments, 
at least, of the fragile antlers might naturally have been expected to occur, had 
such been washed down from a higher level ; on the other hand, it may be pre- 
sumed that they would have proved to carnivora an inconvenient and unprofit- 
able burthen for carriage into theii' den. 
Thirdly, among the bones met with, scarcely a single large one had escaped 
fracture, with the exception of the astralagus and other hard and solid bones of 
the tarsus and carpus joints and those of the feet ; facts perfectly similar to 
those observed by Dr. Bueklaud in the hysena-eave at Ku-kdale, in which the 
presence of their numerous coprolites proved that these animals inhabited the 
cavern. 
fourthly, although the cave did not contain any remains of hysenas or their 
coprolites, several teeth of bears and lions or tigers were discovered ; and I 
thudc it may be legitimately deduced from the occurrence of these cave- 
inhabiting animals that the bones above referred to had been fractm-ed by them 
for the purpose of obtaining their edible contents ; the occui-rence of several 
fragments of canines of the gigantic Felis spel(ea having the two characteristic 
longitudinal indentations on then- crowns, together with the canine and sectorial 
molar of an immense lion or tiger, the former tooth measui'ing five and thi-ee- 
quarter inches in length, may too, I unagine, satisfactorily account for the 
strength requu-ed to carry the remains of such animals as the mammoth and 
rhinoceros into the cave. 
Lastly, I would remark that the view of the non-accidental introduction of 
the remains mto the cave appeared stiU further to be confirmed by the appear- 
ances presented in a fissure unexpectedly opened into by the workmen, and 
separated from the larger cavern by a comparatively thin wall of solid limestone. 
Here many of the bones were only slightly fractm-ed, and there occurred the 
nearly perfect skull of a hog, encrusted with stalactite, a cast iu the same sub- 
other detached aud fractured 
occurred a 
