DAVIDSON — SCOTTISH CAKDONIFEROUS DliAClIIOI'ODA. 
17 
S/>. bhulcata is one of tJic most iil)iindant. of our Scoltisli spirifcrs, the largest 
example with whicii I am acquainted measuring ciglitecn lines in length by 
twenty-eight in width and thirteen in dc|)th. 
This shell has presented an extensive vertical range; in Lanarkshire it is 
found at Garc, at a depth of two iiundrcd and thirty-nine fathoms below the 
horizon of the " Ell coal ;" at llaes Gill at three hundrcHl and forty-three ; Lang- 
shaw Eurn three huudrcHl and iifty-four ; Mosside three hundred and seventy- 
three ; and at Braidwood Gill tliree hundred and ninety-seven fathoms. Urc 
gives us a good figure of a si)ecinicn he had found at Lawrieston.* It has been 
collected at Birkwood, near Lcsmaliago, and at Kobroyston, to the north of 
Glasgow. In Stirlingshire it is not rare at Graigenglen, Balglass Burn, Mill 
Burn, CorrieBuni, and in the Campsicmain limestone. In Dund)artonshu-e, at 
Castlecary ; in Renfrewshire, at ]5arrhead, and Ardcn quarry, Thornliebank ; in 
Ayrshire, at Ilougliwood, and West Broadstone, near Beith ; Auchenskeigh, 
near Dairy; Craigie, near KiLnarnock; Monkredding and Goldcraig, near 
Kilwinning ; and Neatheruewtou, parish of Loudon, &c. It has also been ob- 
tahied from Arran and Bute. 
X. — Spirxfera trigonalis. Martin. PI. xii., figs. 16 — 18. 
Comhyliolithm ammifes trigonalis, Martin, Petrif. Derb. tab. 36, fig. 1, 1809 ; 
and Dav. Mon. Garb., p. 29, pi. v., fig. 28—33. 
In shape it is transversely trigonal, with its hinge-line as long, or slightly 
slioi'tcr, than the greatest breadth of the shell ; the area is sub-paraUel, and of 
moderate widt h, tlie valves being almost equally deep ; the mesial fold is ele- 
vated, angular, and often produced beyond the frontal margin of the lateral 
portions of the valve ; it is also more often divided by three principal ribs, of 
which the central one is at the same time the largest and most extended; the 
sinus is deep, and divided by from three to five longitudinal ribs, of wliich the 
central one is also the most developed. Besides these, the surface of each 
valve is ornamented with from fouileen to twenty-two simple ribs. 
This is also a common shell in Scotland, and does not appear to attain the 
dimensions of Sji. hisulcatci, with which it has been sometimes confounded. Dr. 
Fleming was certainly mistaken when, at p. 374 of liis " History of British 
Animals," he referred Ure's pi. xv., fig. 1, to the species under description. 
In Lanarkshire, Sp. trifjonalis is found at three hundi'cd and forty-three 
fathoms below the " Ell coal" at Waygatcshaw, and at Braidwood at three 
hundred and seventy -five. It occurs also at Broekley, near Lesmahago ; 
at Moodies Burn, north-east of Glasgow, and in the main limestone near Camp- 
sie ; and Benfrewsliire, at Arden quarry, near Thornliebank ; in Ayi'shire, at 
West Broadstone, near Beith ; Craigie, near Kilmarnock ; and at Auchenskeigli, 
near Dairy. In Midlothian, at Dryden, near Edinburgh ; and at Courland, 
near Dalkeith. It has also been fouiid in West Lothian and in Bute. 
XL — Spirifera finguis. Sowerby. PI. xii., fig. 28. 
Sinrifera pinguis. Sow. Min. Con., vol. iii., p. 125, tab. 271, 1820 ; Spirifera 
piiiffuis, Dav. Mon. Carb., p. 50, pi. x., figs. 1 — 12. 
When fidl grown (under favourable circumstances) it is transversely oval, 
but is also sometimes as wide as long, or even (though more rarely so) longer 
than wide. The hinge-line is usually shorter than the greatest breadth of the 
shell, the cardinal angles being rounded, and the area narrow. The dorsal 
valve is not quite so deep nor so convex as the opposite ; the fold is moderately 
* It may be as well to mention that Mr. Bennie has ascertained that Lawrieston is the old 
name for a place a few hundred yards from the Capel Rig quarry, and now known by the 
denomination of BranUamhall, East Kilbride. 
VOL. III. C 
