98 
THE OEOLOfllST. 
Ft. in. 
Equivalent to tho Stone ^ 
vein of Pontypool and > Lower Four-foot 6 6 
old coal of Bbbw-valo. ) 
Yard Vein 2 0 
The aggregate being about 48 0 
Many good fossils have been obtained from these measures, the 
" Elled coal" yielding numerous plants, as it does also at Blaina and 
Beaufort ; while many of the veins of iron-ore abound in shells, 
principally Uido aquilius and U. centralis. I must not forget to 
mention a small scam of coal, seldom above two feet tliick, which lies 
immediately above the " FaroweH"-rock, and is the most constant 
seam in tho wholo basin. It is known at tho different works as 
follows : 
Ft. in. 
Pontypool Little Coal 1 G 
Varteg Brass Coal 1 0 
Blanafon Engine Coal 2 4 
Nantygls Big Vein 1 6 
Beaufort Big Vein 1 6 
Blaina Little Vein 2 0 
Ebbw-vale Bottom Vein 2 0 
Rhymney Rough Pin Coal 1 4 
Dowlais Lumpy Vein 1 3 
Hirwain Knobby Vein 1 6 
Onllwyn Cnapog Coal 1 6 
Ynisccdwin Clas-vach Coal 2 6 
In most of these places it is characterised by fish remains, and, in- 
deed, almost every specimen I have (from six or seven species), 'have 
been found in this coal, showing that they were not of mere local oc- 
currence, but were general over the whole field at this period of the 
coal-era. This will account for the fact that hitherto I have not 
heard of any fish in tho upper measures. 
The scenery as we journey down the Sirhowy and Rhymney 
valleys is very vdld and picturesque, and but little spoilt by the 
collieries which, as a rule, are planted on the high grounds between 
the valleys, working the Mynyddswlyn-coal. Of course no tourist, 
