120 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
plate iii., figs. 2, 3, 4, 7 ; plate iv., figs. 1, 3, 4, 5, besides many otliers not 
figured by tiie Kev. T. Wiltshire. Henee we have fossils at Spectou similar 
to what are found at Hunstanton. On the west of om- Wolds, where I 
have met with the lied Chsilk, I have ])rocured the Tcrehratula UpUcata, 
T. semif/loboKti, Spongia parado.ricn, and Eelemnites, etc. Hence vce have in 
Yorkshire what is found in Norfolk, and also what may be brought to 
light from Lincolnshire. The Terebmtula hipUcida is the characteristic 
shell where I have searched. However, should any geologist doubt the 
statement made by me, I shall be ready and most happy at any time to 
exchange a Tcrehnifula InpUcnta for a fossil from any other formation. 
Pebbles are also plentiful inland from Speetou. — Kobt. Mortimer, Timber, 
Yorkshire. 
Fire by Friction. — [A note to M. Morlot's paper, page 48.]— I have read 
somewhere of the dry dead branches of trees crossing each other in a forest 
taking fire by the see-sawing action produced by a strong wind. 1 do not 
know if any such case be authenticated, but if so, or if fire was produced by 
the friction of dragging timber or felled trees over hard dry ground, the 
natural imitation of the effect by an untutored savage would certainly be that 
of artificial friction, or rubbing ; and he would as certainly select light 
thoroughly dry objects, such as sticks, for his pui-pose. Hence this rubbing of 
sticks may have been just as, if not even more likely an accidental discovery 
as the striking of flints or pyrites. — Ed. Geol. 
Fossils from Gainford, Durham. — Sir, — Would you oblige a beginner 
in the science, and one who finds it difficult to obtain all the information he 
might desire through books within his reach, by the name and species of the 
fossils, the drawings of which are scut herewith. They were found on the banks 
of the river Tees, near Gainford, Durham. I was struck with the similarity 
existing between the larger fossil and those figured in your February number, 
described by Juo. Tate, Esq., as annelides, and named Eione woniliformis. At 
the same time I felt unable to reconcile the idea of their worm-character, with 
the branchings that seemed to exist, and which were shown more plainly in the 
slabs as they lay, than in the specimens I brought home with me. One of the 
drawings sent will illustrate what I refer to. There also seems to be a kind of 
cirri along one, but the impressions are coarse, and rather indistinct, rendering 
it difficult to depict it vnth accuracy. They occurred in flaggy sandstone slate, 
I suppose it will be in the Carboniferous system. — Yours respectfully. South 
Durham, Darlington. 
These are the same kind of fossils as those described by Mr. Tate, and re- 
ferred to by our correspondent, whose sketches of the fossils in question are 
admu-ablc. We refer him not only to Mr. Tate's figures and descriptions, but 
also to Mr. Hancock's account of similar vermiform fossils in the "Annals of 
Nat. Hist." (December, 1858). We are inclined to agree with Mr. Hancock 
that these markings have been produced by the burrowings of small crustacean 
animals, forming galleries just beneath the surface, the roofs of which have 
fallen in, leaving furrow-like and beaded impressions. The radiate or brush- 
like form of marking indicated by one of our correspondent's sketches would 
belong rather to such galleries, or even to buried fuci, than to annelidal 
crawliug-tracks. 
