NOTES AND QUEHIES. 
141 
of llicsc snpcrlicial l)ecls, it will be into the following order, viz., upper drift, 
boulder clay, and lower drift. 
The Upper drift consists of beds of gravel formed of rounded flint, sand- 
stones, quartz-rock, gneiss, syenite, and granite, as pebbles rather thau 
boulders, accompanied with a greater or less quantity of ferruginous sand or 
sandy loam. In this division I include Trinuncr's " warp of the diift," con- 
sidering its formation but the termination of one long period of deposition, 
diffusion, erosion, denudation, and re-arrangement of tlie materials, and lastly, 
I conceive that by the surging of nmddy waves, the final adjustment was accom- 
plished inunediately anterior to or just as that portion of the earth was emerging 
from the water. 
The Boulder-clay has a well-marked distinctive character in its great pro- 
portion of oolitic and chalk-bouldcrs, all more or less rounded and scored; 
also in the almost entire absence of stratification in the bed. This clay occm's 
either as a bed of blue, drab-coloured, or marly clay, these modifications arising 
from the predominance of the parent Kimmeridge, Oxford, and blue Lias- 
clays, or the prevalence of the clays of the Inferior and Great Oolites, or the 
superabundance of the detritus of the Chalk with its. flints; for in this clay 
boulders occur derived from all the oolites and from the various rocks'of the cre- 
taceous system, with a comparative sprinkling only from the primitive division 
of rocks. 
The Lower Drift is found to be stratified alternations of sand, gravelly- 
sliingle, and ferruginous-loam with angidar fragments and pebbles of flint 
embedded in it. The layers of shingle in the sand consist of very small frag- 
ments of Tertiary shells resembling those of the Crag. I consider the period 
dui-iiig which these post-tertiary beds were depositing as one epoch ; but why 
the agency of icebergs should have occurred whilst the boulder-clay only was 
depositing I will leave to other theoj-ists to enunciate the reason. 
The organic contents of the beds sunk and bored tlu'ough at the Yarmouth 
Brewery well are, first, in the Breydon-mud, Ostrea eduUs, Curdiim edule, 
Telliiiu planafa of Pennant, TclUna Bathica, and Peden operailiiris. Li the 
Lower-drift, \ihat I am disposed to call in this instance Crag-drift, fragments 
only of tertiary shells are found ; in what I have called the Crag in the section 
Mvtilns edidis, Tellina Bathica, and apart ■A.Bulanus ; in what Mr. Prestwich 
called, on his inspection of specimens of the clays, London and Plastic clays, 
and in whose opinion I fully concur, no shells or fragments of shells were met 
with, or if any have been found they have not been preserved. 
Judging from the products of the Yarmouth Well, and also from those of 
the well sinkings and horizontal diggings at Somerleyton, I consider it to be 
established that there is not a second boulder-elay in East Norfolk or Suffolk. 
A.S in some measure eomiected with the subject of this paper, it may be in- 
teresting to your readers to learn whence the mammalian remains are so 
constantly dredged up on this coast, and also what they are. The Oyster-bed 
from which they are brought up with the living oysters 1 have laid down in 
the accompanying section ; it occurs at from a mile and a-half to two miles from 
the beach, and at a de])th of about eleven fathoms. They consist of teeth and 
boues of the skeletons of two species of mammoth, teeth of Hippopotamus, 
heads of the male and female Megacei-os Hibeniiciis — an atlas of the megaeeros 
^^•ith a Tai-iitella iacrasmta impacted in the canal of the vertebral artery, has 
been met with, a horn-core of Bas prmii/e/iius, and one with a vertebra and 
metacarpal bone of Bos lonyifivm, jaw with teeth of Bqims cahallus, cervical 
vertebra of a Grampus, and a lower jaw, without teeth, of a Wah-us — the last is 
in the possession of Mr. Owles of this town, in whose collection, in that of Mr. 
Xash residing here, and hi my own, the above named fossils are preserved. — 
C. B. Rose, F.G.S., Great Yarmouth. 
