NOTES AND CJUERIES. 
149 
light upon tlic connection between tlic lignites of Diirnton and tlic contcmpo- 
rury dcijosits of other countries. 
file learned Euglisli pulitonf ologist, while exploring the caverns of Glamor- 
gniishire, diseovcrcd numerous remains of a rninoccros, distinct from the R. 
/rpforh'uti.i of tlie Norwich Crag, and tlu! R. tichorlihiim of the glacial dei)osits. 
The rhinoceros whicli Ur. Falconer names R. hcmiUcchus, on account of the 
half separation of the nostril, which is its characteristic feature, is associated 
with the EIrphiis fiiifiqiinn in the Glamorganshire caverns. It is also met with 
at Grays Tliurrock, and other places in the newer pliocene deposits of the 
Thames Valley. There it is always associated with the Elephas aidiqims and 
the Uippopofamits major ; while in the more ancient beds near Norwich the 
E. mendioiialh and the R. leptorJii/ins arc always found together. 
In the museum at Pisa are to be found the remains of the R. Icptorhinus and 
R. Iwmilwckuii. All the molars of elephants preserved there belong to the 
E. meridionalis, with one doubtful exception, which belongs, perhaps, to the 
E. mdifj/iKs. The elephant found in the caverns of Palermo is the E. cuitiqutts, 
associated there with the Hippopotamus major and H. Pentlandi, a smaller 
species, not yet found on the Italian contment. 
Such are the results of Dr. Palcouer's researches. It is easy to judge of 
thcu' iniiwrtauee, if what M. Strozzi and myself worked out in the Val d'Aruo 
be recollected. There we fouud an exotic flora associated with R. hemitwchus, 
E. autiqmis, R. lepforhhiiis, and E. meridionalh. At Diirnten, on the contrary, 
we have an existing flora associated with the E. antiqims, and, they say, 
R. Iqilorhbius. This was iucomprchcnsiljle until Dr. Paleoiier had given the 
clue to the solution of the difBculty. He attributes R. hemituiclms and E. anti- 
qnm to the newer pliocene, and R. Icptorhinus and E. meridionalis to the 
pliocene ]iroperly so called. Prom this it appears probable that the bones of 
the Val d'iVi-no, which have been brought together at very different e]Mchs, 
from unkuomi deposits, belong to different formations. R. leptorldnus and 
B. meridionalis are found in the Pansino, with an exotic flora {GlypdostroJms 
Eiiropmis, cinnamonum, &c.) ; while R. hemiteeclms, and perhaps the doubtful 
molar in the museum of Pisa, might come from the upper yellow sands. It is 
probable that an existuig flora will be found associated with these bones. 
Note also that the Rhinoceros of Diirnten, which is supposed to be R. lepto- 
rhinus, is in a bad state of preservation, and probably belongs to R. Jiemitcnchus. 
Thus the connection between the flora and fauna of both sides the Alps is re- 
established. K. hemitcechus, E. antiquus, Glamorganshire ; R. hcmitcechus, 
E. antiquus, H. major. Gray's Thurrock ; R. Icptorhinus, E. meridionalis, Nor- 
wich. At Pisa both these Rliinoceroses and their accompanying Elephants 
and Hippopotami are fouud. At Palermo the more recent E. antiquus and 
H. major only are found. 
On the Re-occurbence of Possil Species at Various Stratal 
Horizons. — Mr. Mark Norman, of Ventnor, has favoured ns with some notes 
on the Lower Greensand and Wealden strata of Brixton and Chale Bays, Isle 
of Wight. After enumerating some of the repeated occurrences of certain 
species in the lower greensand, as stated in Dr. Pitton's elaborate table* of the 
lower greensand fossils, he points out some facts which he has personally ob- 
served ; and he expresses a hope that some geologists who may have time 
and means at command will be induced to carry on still further the researches 
so well conducted by Dr. Pitton for twenty years and more, and thus add to 
our knowledge of the relations of fossil species, and their distribution in time 
and space, especially as regards the "recurrence" of species, a subject of much 
interest and not without its difiieulties. 
* Quart. Jom-nal, Geol. Soc, vol. iii., p. 289, &c. 
