GllUi — ON CANADIAN CAVERNS. 
171 
Montreal, raexitioTis that the shore for some distance is excavated into 
many small caverns and ravines by the waves acting on the tufa and 
mineral veins. Some of these excavations are stated to be at a 
higher level than that of the waters of the Lake at the present 
time.* 
15.— The Steinhauer Cavern. 
The monntains of Torngarsuit, or the Evil Spirit, which are situated 
in latitude sixty degrees immediately south of Cape Chudleigh, the 
extreme northern point of the eastern coast of Labrador, have been 
described as rugged, barren, and black, and containing a huge 
cavern which the Eskimos declare to be the habitation of the devil. 
The only reference to this cavern which has come under my notice is 
that by the Rev. Mr. Steinhauer, whose notes on the geology of the 
Labrador coast are published in the second volume of the Transac- 
tions of the Geological Society (p. 488). However little is known 
about it in relation to its extent and the formation in which it exists, 
which is most probably Laurentian from* the description of the rocks 
on the east coast of Labrador, it seems appropriate to call it after the 
name of him who first drew attention to it. This cavern is most 
likely developed in the crystalline Umestone belonging to the 
Laurentian rocks. 
16. — The Basaltic Caverns op Henley Island. 
On the southern coast of Labrador, in the Gulf of St. Lawrence, is 
Chateau Bay, recognised from a vessel in the offing by the high land 
in the rear of it, and more especially by the two wall sided and 
fiat topped hills, composed of basaltic columns, which cap the sum- 
mit of Castle and Henley islands, two hundred feet above the sea. 
They somewhat resemble fortifications in the. distance, and present 
a picturesque appearance when approached nearer ; they shelter to 
the south and east Henley, Antelope, and Pitt's harbours, whilst 
Whale Island and York Point do so to the westward. Admii-al 
Bayfield describes the two last named harbom-s as peifectly secure, 
and fit for the largest ships. 
The geological formation of all the rocks and islands of the coast 
of Labrador belongs to the Laurentian system of Sir William Logan, 
and are the most ancient yet known on the continent of America. 
They extend from the north side of the Saint Lawrence from 
Labrador to Lake Superior, and occupy by far the larger share of 
Canada. They consist of gneiss, with interstratified bands of crys- 
talline limestone, associated with layers of micaceous and homblendic 
schists and quartzite. The colours of the rocks of this pai-t of the 
coast vary from red to grey, and were formerly described as 
granite. 
* Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, vol. ii., p. 4. 
