228 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
wise sliowu tliat the valves of Lingula, wlieu dried at 100 degrees, coutaiii for 
100 parts 
Organic matter 45-20 
Carbonate of lime 6-68 
Phosphate of lime 42*29 
Ditto magnesia 3-85 
Ditto sesqiii oxide of iron 1-98 
Silica traces 
This distinguished Trench chemist observes at the same time that this com- 
position of the test of Lingula approximates to that which M. Chevreuil 
signalized in the scales of the Lepidostria, as well as to the test of insects, as 
described some years ago by Halchett. 
In the interior of the valves may be seen a number of muscular and other 
impressions, with which the i)ala;ontologist should become acquainted ; but it 
would be out of place were we to enter into a minute anatomical description of 
Fig. 1. Fig. 2. 
Lign. 9. — Lingula anatina (recent). 
Fig. 1. — Venti-al Valve, Woodwai-d, Hancock, etc. ; valve superieure, Gratiolet. Fig. 2.— Dor- 
sal valve, Woodward, Hancock, etc. ; valve inferiem-e, Gratiolet. 
p a. Posterior occlusor, Hancock ; = anterior adductors. Woodward ; = pre-adducteurs, Gra- 
tiolet; = imtere schiese muskelbundel, Vogtj = muscles qui vont directement d'une 
coquille a 1' autre, Cuvier. a a. Anterior occlusor, Hancock ; = anterior retractors. Wood- 
ward ; = muscles obliques postero-ant^rieurs, Gratiolet ; = mittlere schiese muskelbundel, 
Vogt. »• r r, Divaricator, Hancock ; = posterior adductor. Woodward ; = post-adducteurs, 
Gratiolet ; = oberer schliessmuskel, Vogt. p p. Postei-ior adjuster, Hancock ; = posterior 
retractors. Woodward ; = muscles ci'oise ou oblique transverse, Gratiolet. e p. External 
adjustor, Hancock ; = external protractors. Woodward ; = surface sur la quelle se prolongs 
I'insertion du muscle oblique antero-posterieur paii'e exteme, Gratiolet. c p and c' p'. Cen- 
tral adjustor, Hancock ; = central proti'actor. Woodward ; c p, muscles obliques anterieurs 
paire interne, Gratiolet; and c' p', muscles obliques anteriem's paii'e interne et exteme, 
Gratiolet. x, Line indicating the posterior pai-ietals, Hancock ; = peaussier verticaux, 
Gratiolet. p, Peduncular muscle, Hancock ; = capsule of pedicle. Woodward ; = muscle 
interieurdupedoncle, Gratiolet. i, Impressions produced by the central branches of sinuses, 
Hancock, s, Impressions produced by the outer or lateral branches of sinuses, v, Impres- 
sions produced by pallial lobe. 
