NOTKS AND QUKlilKS. 
27;} 
»iiul(M- llio orrosivc acliou of tlic breakers, whereby not, only aH the bed of liino- 
sioue iiiud was removed, but a small portion from the top of the argillaceous 
shale bed also, as far down, we may suppose, as the line d — e (fig. 2). This 
ivecom])lished, the shore was oucc agaiu depressed deep beucath the sea, aud 
thus protected from farther destruction. 
Sea. 
Lign. 2.— a a, Sandstone ; h, Red shale ; c, Fissures filled with limcstono. 
This last great physical change appears to have brought back the normal 
conditions uiuler which the ferruginous and uou-ealcareous materials forming 
the mass of the Old Red Sandstone; were deposited, and thus the shale with its 
limestone-filled fissures, was covered by the ordinary sandstones of its tyj^e of 
rock. The formation of the Old Red Sandstone then went on uninterruptedly 
till its time was accomplished, and the " carboniferous sea" was spread over all 
tliat extensive area, of which the central-western and south-western portion of 
Ireland now forms but a very small part. — Yours truly, Geo. V. Du Noyer. 
Notice of New Fossils from the Lower Old Red Sandstone of 
ScoTL.\ND. — Three localities are referred to in this paper. First, the Den of 
Cauterland, in the parish of St. Cyrus, on the southern border of Kincardine- 
shire ; second, a spot in the parish of Kinnell, near Farnell ; aud third, a spot 
in the parish of Craig, near Montrose, both these being m the north-east divi- 
sion of the county of Forfar. 
First, in the Den of Cauterlaud, where there is a considerable development 
of the basement beds of our Scottish Old Red Sandstone. For many years 
there has been no quarry wrought in this locality ; but as the rock is exposed 
to decay in a natural ravine, the fossUs can be gathered with patience and care. 
The bottom-bed in the ravine seems to be a coarse sort of grit, througli which 
there is dispersed much limy matter, and in this ]3ortion of the beds I have 
never seen but one fossd, the Parka decipieiis of Fleming. Above it lies the 
grey layer, the equivalent, I believe, of the " pavement" beds of Carmybe, 
Leysmill, and Turin in the neighboui'ing county, and from it are collected many 
fossils, such as the Cephulaapis Lyellii, the Farica decipieiis in great abundance, 
the Pteri/gotus amjlicas, and that peculiar and miimte crustacean form the 
Kampecaris of Page. Besides the Pteri/gotus anr/licus, there are, I think, in 
this locality several other allied forms of all sizes, from half an inch to many 
feet. I must be understood as meaning, however, creatures of that size when 
complete, as our crustacean remains occur in a very fragmentary and scattered 
condition. The members of the section will remember the gigantic specimeu 
VOL. III. 2 M 
