IIDDGK — OSSIt'EliOUS OAVHUNiS AT i)RKSTO\. 
343 
ON THE OSSIFEROUS CAVERNS AT ORESTON. 
By Henky C. Hodge. 
(Continued from page 30, vol. iii.) 
To tho tl\ick-skinncd quadrupeds beloug animals of at least four genera — 
Elephant, Rhinoceros, Horse, and Hog, 
In addition to the large grinders of the mammoth, before described, there 
occurred a remarkable molar tooth of a very young mammotli (length or antero- 
posterior diameter of the crown one inch and three-quarters, breadth one ineli 
and one-eighth), containing six plates ; it appears to belong to the " thick- 
plated" variety, but is unlike any of the numerous small grinders of this 
animal, contained in the British Museum and elsewhere, with which it has been 
carefully compared. 
The larger molars of the rhinoceros were all fragmentary ; but a small tooth, 
liaving its enamel equally thick with that of the larger specimens, may, it is 
presumed, belong to a small species of that animal. 
The teeth of the horse were comparatively very numerous, and comprised 
the two species, Eqmis Jhssilis and E. jilicidens. Some of the molars were re- 
markable, not merely with reference to their large size, but also on account of 
the elegant plications of their enamel folds, the festoons being more complex 
than usual, and in one of tliese the presence of a small additional and nearly 
oval island of enamel is apparent. Whether this specimen belonged to the 
ancient primigeuial Hippotherium I am as yet unable to determine. There 
were also various specimens of astragalus, a large coronary bone, and portions 
of jaw with teeth. Other remains included teeth referable to those of a fossil 
ass or zebra. 
The chief remains of the hog were the interesting skuE. before alluded to ; 
it, however, wanted that portion containing the incisors, tusks, and pre-molar 
teeth. An interesting fragment, containing three pre-molars in situ, and still 
retaining the base of a tusk of the lower jaw, together with a considerable por- 
tion of tlie extremity of a tusk of the upper jaw was afterwards met with in 
the stalagmite. Another portion of the jaw of a young hog, its last molar 
tooth not having yet cut the gum, was found, together with various large 
molars, pre-molars, incisors, and two tolerably perfect tusks, belonging 
respectively to the upper and lower jaw of this animal. It was remarked that 
some of the teeth were in both caverns singularly stained of a yellow colour'. 
The ruminants probably included one or two species of elk or deer, and two 
or three animals allied to the ox. Teeth of the sheep or goat were also 
brought me from the clay, but I have reason to be doubtful about the genuine- 
ness of many of the last-named specunens. 
Among the remains of animals of the deer tribe, I would specially mention 
an interesting fragment of jaw, coutainuig several teeth, developed by me with 
some pains from a large and nearly solid mass of stalagmitic matter, containing 
various other imbedded bones. There occurred, too, a very few fractured 
specimens of teeth, suggestive of those of a giraffe (this possibility having been 
ascertained liy comparison with figures of fossil teeth contained in a paper by 
