3-1.8 
THE G|.;OLOGIST. 
Fi'oni My. Freerc's coniimniioatioii to the Antiquaries' Society of London, 
written in 1797, wc learn tliat the Hint weapons were taken from No. 4 of the 
above section, and that the bones of " enormous size" were met with in No. 3, 
conseqiu-ntlv the ilints lie beneath the bones, and if so, must have existed at 
or before the deposit of the bones of the "unknown animal;" and this is the 
point of interest which requires to be proved. The astragalus of a mammoth 
in the possession of Mr. Amyott, of Diss, and mentioned by Mr. Prestwich in 
his paper, I have seen, and there is no doubt respecting its nature; but as Mr. 
Amyott could not learn from which stratum at the brick-yard it was taken, that 
bone is of no avail in the inquiry. 
There is nothing in the information recently acquired to disprove Mr. Freerc's 
statements ; at the same time, sufficient evidence has not been sought to estab- 
lish them. The probabilities are decidedly in their favour, and the correctness 
of Air. Freere's account is greatly confirmed by the fact that tne flint-weapons 
met with in France occur in similar positions, i. e., m association with, and 
beneath a fluviatile deposit, the flints in both cases being l'o\ind in undisturbed 
ground. Nor is our belief in his account weakened, although it appears that 
all the recent recoveries of the flints have been from strata above the bone-bed 
No. 'd, including the numerous flint-weapons that have been met with by the 
workmen of late years, those persons having worked the ground for brick-earth 
above the bone -bed only. 
I have before said that this inquiry is of so interesting a nature that it is 
highly desirable nothing should be omitted which can firmly establish the evi- 
dence liitherto produced. As the recent explorations at Hoxne have not ex- 
tended by digging (for borhig only is anything but satisfactory) into stratum 
No. 4 of Mr. Freere's section, and as all the recently foiuid celts have been 
met with above the bone-bed No. 3, I hope that some steps wUl be taken to 
carry the search thoroughly into No. 4, for till that is done, we are not in a 
position to confirm or disprove Mr. Freere's interesting and valuable informa- 
tion. 
The only trouble, for I will not call it an obstacle, which will occur in the 
deejier research at Hoxne, will arise from an abundant flow of water ; but this 
may with little difficulty be removed by cutting a narrow trench into the 
adjoining low-ground — a secondary tributary valley to the Waveney ; or by the 
employment of a common wooden pump. — Yours faithfully, C. B. Rose, Great 
Yarmouth. August 9th. 
Geological Notes on the Punjab. — Deaii Sie, — I was going to say there 
is not a stone of any sort, size, or description in the whole Punjab — at least, 
in a length of three or four hundred raUes that I am well acquainted with, two 
hundred of vi hich, from Mooltaii to Lahore, is the site of the railway. With 
such a country before me, it is not surprising if an amateur like myself forgets 
his stone-and-dirt-ology, as I have every prospect of doing. There are, how- 
ever, some trifling appearances, which the dearth of more important ones forces 
on the obseivation; ore of these is the " Kunkur," from which all lime is 
made, I said there wci e no stones here, I sho\dd have said»-oc/«, for in various 
places strewn over the surface of the sandy desert is found a quantity of 
" kunkur." In some places it is as fine as barley-corns, ia others large as 
eggs, in shape most irregular, mosslike, and eccentric ; at times similar to 
stalagmites, in colour green, brown, and red, fracture conchoidal. The origin 
of this formation is a subject of interesting speculation. The soil on which it 
lies is — 1, A very fine diift-sand ; 2, An excellent brick-sand, or loam ; below- 
these, at twenty feet, fine white micaceous sand — say, six to ten feet ; then 
another bed of fine brick-soil and white sand again. This has been the appear- 
ance of the soil in the wells bored down in two hundred miles of railway. I 
made a tour last year to the mountains of Cashmere in search of coal and iron. 
