PROCEEDINGS OF GEOLOGICAL SOCIETIES. 
383 
An inferoiicc was then drawn that tlic remains of tlic Secondary continent, 
accnniulatcd to the sonthward, caused coUl currents to How to liie southern 
shores of the Post-eretaecous continent, causing tlie exlinction of tiie bottom- 
feeding and sliorc-following Tetrabranchiata, to which Mr. Wood attributes tlic 
destruction of the Cestracionts wliicii fed on them, and that of the marine 
Baurians that fed on tlic Cestracionts. The preservation of the Dibranchiata, 
on the contrary, was attributed to their being occau-rangcrs. The extinction 
of tlie Megalosauria he attributed to the eifect produced on vegetation by the 
alternation of dry seasons during the year, brought about by a great equatorial 
extent of land — the extinction of the herbivorous Megalosauria, by this cause, 
involving that of the carnivorous. 
The author also alluded to the contiguity of volcanos to the seas or great 
■waters, which he considered to admit of explanat ion by every volcanic elevation 
causing a corresponding and contiguoiis depression, which either brings the sea 
or collects the land-drainage into contiguity with the volcanic region ; and iu 
conclusion he alluded to the law of natural selection and correlation of growth 
lately advanced by Mr. Darwin, in the souudcss of which lie asserted his belief. 
February 15, 1860. 
1. "On the Probable Glacial Origin of some Norwegian Lakes." By 
T. Codi-ington, Esq., P.G.S. 
The lakes referred to were those frequently found situated at a short 
distance from the head of the several fjords on the western coast of Norway. 
The fjord and the valley in which such a lake or " vand" lies are parts of one 
great chasm, with perpendicular sides, often thousands of feet high. The 
valley generally shows traces of the former existence of a glacier, and is now 
traversed by a rapid river, which falls into a vand or lake six or seven miles 
long, rarely a mile wide, and very deep. The lake is separated from the fjord 
by a mass of rolled stones, shingle, and coarse sand roughly stratified, and 
sometimes rising one hundred and twenty feet above the lake. Through this an 
outlet has been cut to the fjord, a distance varying from about one to four 
miles. On the side towards the lake this mound is terraced ; and at the upper 
end of the lake similar terraces are sometimes seen. The author, with some 
doubt, attributes the accumulation of this terraced barrier to glacial action. 
2. On the Drift and Gravels of the North of Scotland." By T. F. Jamiesou, 
Esq. Communicated by Sir R. I. Murchison, P.G.S. 
In a former communication the author gave an accomrt of some features of 
the Pleistocene deposits along the coast of Aberdeenshire, showing that in cer- 
tain localities remains of marine animals occur, of a character similar to those 
met with in the later Tertiary beds of the Clyde district, and, like them, in- 
dicating the presence of a colder sea. In the ])resent paper the author treated 
of the Drift of the higher grounds in the interior of the country, more especially 
as regards that part of Scotland lying between the Moray Fii'th and the Eirth 
of Tay. The following phenomena were more particularly described: — 1. The 
upper gravels, their distribution and origin ; 2. the marine drift of the higher 
grounds and of the highland glens ; 3. the striated and polished rock-surfaces 
beneath the Drift ; 4. the high-lying boulders, and the dispersion of blocks 
from the Ben Muic Dhui Moiuitains. The probablhty of extensive glacier- 
action before the formation of the Drift, the extinction of the land-fauna pre- 
ceding the Drift, and the sequence of events during the Pleistocene period 
were then dwelt upon ; and the author expressed liis opinion that the following 
course of events may be supposed to have occurred in the Pleistocene history 
of Scotland. 1st. A period when the country stood as high as, or probably 
higlier than at present, with an extensive development of glaciers and land-ice. 
