THE GliOLOraST. 
ClaiisUia n'ujncanK, with bones of an Arcicola and birds ; (2) a thin hiycr of 
stalagmite ; (3) two feet or less of blaekish sand, containing a mass of bones of 
Elcphas aiitiq/dis, with remains of nicies (axiin anil Fidoi-'ius ( vidganis ? ) ; (4) 
one to two feet of ochreous cave-earth, limestone-breccia, and sandy layers, 
■with remains of EIrplia.s aiiliquus. Rhinoceros hi'initwchus, Hijaiia, Caiiis lupus, 
UrsKs spcheus, Bos and Cerciis ; (5) iiTegnlar stalagmite, partly enveloping a 
hugh tnsk of an Elephant embedded below it ; (G) limestone-breccia and stalag- 
mite, from one to two feet thick, with bones of Ursus and Bos ; (7) ii'rcgular 
beds of stalagmite, one foot or more, with Ursus; (8) dark-coloured superlicial 
earth, kept soppy by abundant drip, with bones of Bos, Cervus, Canis vulpes, 
horns of Kcinilcer and Roebuck, together with shells of Patella, Mylilm, 
Purpura, Litorina, (probably brought into the cavern as food by birds), and also 
pieces of ancient British pottery. The marine sand at the bottom of " Bacon 
Hole" was analogous to that on the rocky floor of the San Giro Cave, near 
Palermo ; but containing fewer species of Mollusca. The uppermost layer of 
stalagmite is about thirty feet above high water. The Elepliant remains belong 
to at least three individuals, one of which was adult, and one young with milk- 
dentition. 
" Alinchin Hole," the grandest and most spacious of all the Gower Caves, is 
170 feet long, 70 feet where widest, and 35 feet high at the entrance; the 
section gave — (1) Loose limestone-breccia, three feet ; (2) Yellow cave-earth, 
nine inches ; (3) Sand, one foot ; (•!•) Blackish sandy loam containing abundant 
remains of IVanoceros, Eleplias, ^wABos, two and a half feet ; (5) Greyish-yeUow 
marine sand, varying in thickness from one to four feet, and resting on the rocky 
floor. Some of the lower jaws of Rhinoceros from this deposit exhibit Litorini-e 
and comminuted shells imbedded in the encrusting matrix : and the black sand 
yielded Helix hispiila, similarily attatchcd. In the interior, the cave-earth was 
thicker, and the black sandy loam more unctuous. The mammalian remains 
were closely analogous with those from Bacon Hole ; but the Elephant remains 
(li. antiquus) were fewer, and those of Rhinoceros hemitmchus were more numer- 
ous, and better preserved. No remains of I'Aeph. primiyenius or of Rhinoc. 
iichorhiaus were met with in Bacon Hole or Minchin Hole. 
" Bosco's Den," a cavernous fissure, between '• Bacon Hole" and " Minchin 
Hole," is about seventy feet high. Col. \V ood, having succeeded in reaching a 
hole called by the quarryinen " Bacon's Eye," found it to be an <angula.r opening, 
two and a half feet in diameter, at the top of one the the great vertical fissures 
in the limestone, and leading into a fine cavern. Beneath it the fissure was 
filled up with a mass of angular fragments of limestone, with bones, teeth, and 
land shells, impacted in ochreous loam, about twenty feet in height, resting on 
a solid jjlatform of breccia, beneatii which, the fissure had to a great extent 
been washed out by the sea. On enlarging the aperture, by undermining the 
projecting mass of loam and breccia, a cavity was found extending seventy-six 
feet backwards, with a width of from seven to sixteen feet, and a general height 
of about fifteen feet. A line of fissures runs along the angle of the roof, and 
towards the outer part of the cavern the crack widens into an irregidar flue, 
which had evidently communicated with the surface ; here the cavern rises to a 
height of forty feet. The eastern wall only of the cavern was found to be coated 
with stalagmite. The floor was tolerably smooth and shelved down gradually, 
from the mouth to the extremity, the deposits bein^ thicker outwards. The 
floor having been excavated down to the hard breccia, there were observed. — 
(1) at the top, a bed of sandy peat or turf, formed chiefly of bits of sticks and 
comminuted vegetable matter, about one foot thick, except under the flue, 
where it formed a low conical heap. In or on this peaty covering were bones 
of Ox and Wolf, and bones and broken shed antlers of Ueer, of species or 
varieties allied to the llcindcer ( Cercas Giceltardi and Cerv. priscusj. (2) 
