PROCrOEDINGS OF OEOI.OOICAL SOCIETIRS. 
415 
Sialiigmilo, rogular, but usiuilly less llian a foot thick. At one spot it rose info 
a l)(!ss two I'eet tin-cc inclios lii^'h, wiiichwas found in a shattered couditiou, tiic 
fragments being loose, bnt still in place; thus indicating the operation of some 
shock since the formation of the stalagmite, and even since the peat began to bo 
formed, as well as the absence of the drip in the cave since the shock took 
place ; (3) sandy loam, one foot four inches, with fragments of rock and without 
bones ; (4) sand, four feet six inches ; (5) a bed of loose stony breccia, four feet, 
without bones ; (6) ochreous loam, or the usual cave earth, six to seven feet 
thick, resting on the solid cemented breccia, which forms a floor or diaphragm 
between the upper and lower chambers of the fissure. Ursus spelaus, Canis 
lupus, C. vulpes. Bos, Cervus, and Arvicola occur in the loam, the latter iu abun- 
dance. The most remarkable circumstance about tliese remains was the great 
excess or Deers' antlers above the others. Upwards of one thousand antlers, 
mostly shed and of young animals belonging chief i/ to Cercus Guetiardi, were 
collected. The lower chamber has been waslied out l)y the sea to a depth inwards 
of thirty-one feet ; and at its extremity a compact mass of marine sand and 
gravel, about nine feet thick. The solid breccia forming the roof of the lower, 
and the base of the upper cave, mercases in thickness from six feet at the outside 
to a greater depth inwards. Its materials correspond with the bed of angular 
debris observed by Mr. Prestwich on the raised beach of Mewslade Bay. 
" Bowen's Parlour," or " Devil's Hole," is also a cavernous fissure in the 
limestone clitt', between Bosco's Den and Crow Hole. It has been washed out 
by the sea ; the former about twenty feet high at the mouth, the latter four- 
teen. Thin tabular aggregations of sand adhere to the lower surface of the 
partition, showing that it was deposited on a bed of sand. The same phenomena 
are repeated in " Crow Hole" with modifications ; the cave deposits being 
still in situ : here remains of Ursus, Meles, Rkirwceros, and some other forms 
have been found. 
" Raven's Cliff," presents a cavernous fissure broad and high externally, con- 
tracted within. Here a thin crust of stalagmite formed a floor upon sand nine 
feet thick, which filled the fissure close up to the roof, leaving only an empty 
angular chamber about a foot high above the stalagmite. Upon the latter, 
remains oi Mustela foina, Canis vulpes, and some Fish-bones and Bird -bones were 
found. In the sand large coprolites of Carnivores, some fine remains of Felis 
spelcca, bones of Rhinoceros, and the vertebra of a Pish were discovered. Below 
the sand, as usual in the Gower Caves, there was a sandy breccia cemented by 
stalagmite, about a foot thick. Upon it was a large block of limestone, smoothed 
and polished, probably by the rubbing against it of eave-animals, and patches of 
polished surface were seen on the walls of the cave. Remains of Elephas, 
Rhinoceros, Bos, and Cervus, were met with above the breccia. Below the 
breccia was a bed of dark-grey gritty sand, indurated by calcareous infiltration, 
and attaining a maximum thickness of about eight feet. In this sand, and close 
upon the rock-floor, teeth of Hippotamus major, young and old, and remains of 
UrsKs, Cervus, and Arvicola, were met with. There was evidence, on the cliff 
beyond the aperture, of the cave and its contents having formerly been continued 
further seawards. 
The author pointed out that in all these caves the bottom appears to have 
been first filled with sea sand or shingle, with which were occasionally inter- 
mixed the bones of pachyderms, ruminants, &c., tlien living on the emerged 
land of Gower ; that, when this deposit was elevated above high water mark, 
stalagmite and angular debris of limestone rock formed a floor, on which subse- 
quently eave-earth or other common alluvial materials, with bones and antlers, 
often in profusion, were accumulated through the fissure above, during a long 
lapse of time after the rise had been accomplished. At last, by a converse 
action, of comparatively modern date, the level of the caves was depressed. 
