416 
THE GEOLOGIST. 
The raised beach at Mewslade Bay, wliich appears, according to the evidence of 
]\lr. I'restwicii, to be of hiter date than the Boulder-elay, has without doubt 
partaken of changes of level similar to what the caves and their contents 
liave undergone ; although the marine deposits in the caves not being at a 
uniform level, either in relation to each other or to the raised beacli, it is pro- 
bable that there have been locally unequal depressions of level iu comparatively 
modern times. The author tliinks that the sea has effected but a comparatively 
slight inroad on the cave-deposits and raised beach ; and hence he infers that 
they belong to a comparatively modem epoch, — seeing also that they are pro- 
bal}ly of later date than the Boulder-elay period, and rest on marine sands 
coutaiuing existing species of shells. 
Pavilaud Cave was next referred to; but the author restricted his remarks to 
the remains of Elephas primigenius and human bones that were found in it, and 
argues that the latter, (i. e. the skeleton of the " Red Lady") are of more 
recent date than the former. 
In the cave at Spritsail Tor, under a stalagmitie bone-breccia, the irregular 
fissure of the rocky floor was impacted with ochreous cave-earth full of bones 
and teeth of Eleplias antiqiius, E. 2^niiiigenim, Rhinoceros, iichorhiuws, Eqmts, 
Sus, Boa, Cervus, Lepus, Arclcola, Mtis, Ursus spelmia, U. priscus (?), Felis 
spebea. Hyena spchca, Canis lupus, C. vulpes, Meles tuxus, and Mvstcla. Cop- 
roUtes of Ihjmia, gnawed bones of Bos, Eqnus, and Cerims, and a great abundance 
of the detached molars of horse, gave the cave the undoubted character of 
having been a Hyaena's den. In the superficial sand on the stalagmite, the 
antlers of a Reindeer and some human bones were found. 
After a comparative review of the fauna of the Gower bone-caves in relation 
with that of other cave-districts of England, and of Europe in general, the 
autiior arrived at the following conclusions. 
1. That the Gower Caves have probably been filled up wi h their mamma- 
lian remains since the deposition of the Boulder-elay. 
2. That there are no mammalian remains found elsewhere in England and 
Wales referable to a fauna of a more ancient geological date. 
3. The E/ep/ias (Lorodon) meridlonaUs and Rhinoceros Etruscus, which occur 
in, and are characteristic of, the " Submarine-forest Bed" that immediately 
underlies the Boulder-clay on the Norfolk coast, have nowhere been met with 
in the British caverns. 
4. That Elephas antiquus, with Rhinoceros hemitcechus, and E. primigenius 
■with Rh. tichorhinws, though respectively characterizing the earlier and later 
l)ortions of one period, were probably contemporary animals ; and that they 
certainly were companions of the Cave-Bears, Cave-Lions, Cave-Hyaenas, &c., 
and of some at least of the existing mammalia. 
[The Geological Society's Meetings are resumed on the 7th inst.] 
Geologists' Association. — Rev. Walter Mitchell will read a paper " On the 
Application of Crystallography to Mineralogy and Geology." 
NOTES AND QUERIES. 
Travekttne Deposits along the Eoot of Kinder Scout, Derbyshire. 
— It will perhaps be interesting to Manchester geologists to know that a de- 
posit of travertine is now forming along the base of the above hill. The 
nearest deposits of this kind are at Matlock Bath, in the mountain limestone, a 
