REVIEWS. 
403 
portions wore long since made public by the various newspapers and tbe periodicals 
at the time of the meeting, and tlie report itself appears somewhat wanting in 
novelty, like the detailed dispatches following long after the rapid information 
of the telegraph. To review it at length would require more space than we could 
afford, but it would not be granting it more than its deserts ; we shall, however, 
content ourselves with noticing more particularly the geological portions. The 
report on the Temperature of some deep Mines in Cornwall, by Mr. Eobert Were 
Fox, is an addition to the evidences on an obs'cure, but highly interesting, point. 
The "bearing" of the Cornish metalliferous lodes is generally and ordinarily 
from northward of east to southward of west, and they commonly descend into the 
earth to unknown depths in an inclined direction ; the working of the lodes being 
efl'cctcd by means of shafts and galleries or levels. The water is pumped up the 
engine shaft, from the bottom or sump, up to the adit, from which it is dis- 
charged into a valley or near the sea-shore. 
The cross-cuts, or north and south levels, connect the engine-shaft, with the levels 
at right angles to them. These latter, or the course of the lode, are usually about 
ten fathoms apart, and are connected together by many short shafts inclined into 
the lode. There are also other shafts from the surfixce to the deep levels, through 
which the ore is diuwn up, and the ventilation of the mine effected In most of 
the deep mines several lodes ai-e simultaneously worked, each by a similar series 
of shafts, levels. &c., which are connected with the former series hy cross-cuts, so 
that one engine may serve for two or more lodes. The deepest levels in a mine 
are generally much, less extended than those above them, and the quantity of 
water is often comparatively small, the upper water being in a great degree cut 
oif by the superior levels, and conveyed to the cisterns through the latter. The 
temperature of the water that flows into the ends of the deepest levels is generally 
as high, or nearly so, as that of the rocks and lode, and more often higher; which 
it may be presumed it could not be, if much of the upper water were mixed with 
it. Most of the experiments were made at or near the ends of the deepest levels, 
in each of the respective mines. 
The thermometers employed were placed in holes 15 or- 20 inches deep in the 
rocks and lodes, and were carefully closed up with clay, tow, or cotton, and, after 
the thermometers had been thus left from half an hour to an hour, they were 
withdrawn and read off. In taking the temperature of the water, the most 
copious springs at their sources or influx into the levels were selected, if near the 
stations where the other observations were made ; and the temperature of the 
surrounding air was also ascertained. The mines visited were situated in different 
parts of the county, ranging over fifty miles of country, from Fowey to St. Just, 
near the Land's End. 
The following is an epitome of the results :- — 
Fowey Consols Copper Mine— deepest level 328 fathoms from surface, 298 below 
the sea. At 268 fathoms from surface, water issued from a copper-lode at 96" 5' 
Fahr., the lode was 95° 5'. No persons at work near the place. At 288 fixthoms, 
another lode was 94" ; the adjoining rock killas 93° ; the air 91° 5'. Par Consols 
Mine produces copper and tin in killas. Deepest level 208 fathoms from surface 
179 under sea-level ; temperature of lode 84"' ; rock 84° ; air 82". The part of 
this mine which produces tin was 128 fathoms beneath the surface at its deepest 
level ; the lode there was 74*' ; the rock 74° ; the air 75" ; and the water 72°. 
The United Mines, in the parish of Gwennap, yield copper-ore in killas. At the 
eastern end of a level 255 fathoms under the surface, and nearly '200 fathoms 
below the sea level, a stream of water from a copper-lode gave 116° Fahr., while 
the neighbouring rock and the air were at 106°. In another level, also at 255 
worked on a parallel lode, south of the former, in which there was very little 
water, the rock was 82° 5' and the air 82°. 
In 1853, Mr. Fox repeated some observations in the Tresavoan Mine (situated 
about eight miles nortli-west of Falmouth) to ascertain in what proportion the 
temperature has increased with the increased depth since 1837. The mine has 
been very productive of copper, found mostly in granite and but very little in 
killas. The bottom level, deeper than any other in Clornwall, was 352 fathoms, or 
2,112 feet under the surface, and about 1,750 below the level of the sea. The 
